🇧🇷 Brazil Episodes

Guest: Deisy Ventura, jurist and professor of ethics at USP's Faculty of Public Health. In October 2021, the final report of the Covid CPI pointed to a series of errors, actions, and omissions by the Jair Bolsonaro administration that contributed to Brazil reaching the tragic mark of 700,000 deaths from the coronavirus. Now, almost four years later, accountability for the handling of health in the pandemic is beginning to take shape. Last week, based on this report from the Covid CPI, STF Minister Flávio Dino opened an investigation for the Federal Police to investigate the conduct of Bolsonaro and 23 allies – including the former president's three eldest sons. In this episode, Natuza Nery listens to Deisy Ventura, author of a study that analyzed more than 3,000 norms adopted by the Bolsonaro administration related to the Covid pandemic. The study led by her provided data for the installation of the CPI in 2021. Jurist and professor of Ethics at USP's Faculty of Public Health, Deisy explains what the so-called "crime of epidemic" is and emphasizes why health agendas cannot be "cheap electoral material." She also affirms the importance of not forgetting the crimes committed during the pandemic.

Guest: Fernando Abrucio, FGV-SP prof. and GloboNews commentator. In just over 48 hours, deputies approved the Shielding PEC and the urgency to analyze the amnesty for the January 8 coup plotters. Decisions that benefit the political class and distance themselves from the real needs of the people – precisely who the deputies should represent in Congress. A detachment that has repercussions for the population and for the Executive and Judiciary branches, exposing a growing tension in Brasília. In conversation with Natuza Nery in this episode, Fernando Abrucio assesses that this is "the worst moment for the Chamber since redemocratization." FGV-SP professor and GloboNews commentator Abrucio points out the consequences of this moment for the country. He analyzes why, despite the strong reaction on social media against the Shielding PEC, parliamentarians approved the project: "the fear of being convicted or arrested today is greater than the fear of losing votes," he says. Together, Natuza and Abrucio also point out what is needed to reverse the current moment and highlight the importance of the 2026 legislative elections.

Guests: Elisa Clavery, GloboNews reporter in Brasília; and Renato Stanziola Vieira, lawyer and former president of the Brazilian Institute of Criminal Sciences. In two rounds and with the support of almost all parties in the House – there were about 350 votes in favor – the Chamber approved the Shielding PEC, which will now be voted on in the Senate. The proposal establishes a new rule for the investigation of crimes committed by parliamentarians: once the PEC is approved, the deputies and senators themselves will vote on whether or not a lawsuit can be opened against a congressional colleague. The text approved in the Chamber also provides that the vote for the opening of proceedings against parliamentarians will be secret. This point was made possible by a regimental maneuver orchestrated by the president of the House. Still on Wednesday evening (17), Hugo Motta (Republicans-PB) scheduled the vote on the urgency of the Amnesty Bill – which was approved with more than 300 votes in favor. In this episode, Victor Boyadjian talks with Elisa Clavery, GloboNews reporter in Brasília, about the details of the Shielding PEC text and what the climate is for the vote on the proposal in the Senate: she explains that, with an eye on the 2026 elections, senators are concerned about the reaction of social networks and should avoid "controversial agendas". Also participating is criminal lawyer Renato Stanziola Vieira, partner at Kehdi Vieira Advogados. Master and PhD in criminal procedural law from USP and former president of the Brazilian Institute of Criminal Sciences, Renato assesses the constitutionality of the PEC and says why it is a sign of democratic fragility.

Convidados: Kleber Tomaz, g1 São Paulo reporter, and Rafael Alcadipani, FGV-SP professor and member of the Brazilian Public Security Forum. Murdered last Monday on the São Paulo coast, Ruy Ferraz Fontes was the general delegate of the São Paulo Civil Police between 2019 and 2022 – he was in charge of the Administration Secretariat of the Praia Grande City Hall. Last Monday (15), Ruy was the victim of an ambush carried out by masked, bulletproof vest-wearing, heavily armed bandits: he was chased, overturned his car, and was shot more than 20 times with a rifle. In this episode, Victor Boyadjian talks to Kleber Tomaz, a g1 São Paulo reporter who has covered organized crime for two decades. Kleber recalls how the former delegate played a key role in the arrest of Marcos Willians Herbas Camacho, Marcola, head of the PCC criminal faction, in 1999. He outlines Ruy's profile and reports on the lines of investigation into the crime. Afterwards, Victor interviews Rafael Alcadipani, professor at FGV-SP and member of the Brazilian Public Security Forum. Alcadipani answers what type of protection former security agents should have after retirement, and points out the evidence that the perpetrators planned the crime. The professor also recalls the influence of organized crime in Baixada Santista and the region's importance to criminal factions.

Convidados: Nilson Klava, correspondente da Globo nos EUA, e Carlos Gustavo Poggio, professor do Berea College nos EUA. Assassinado quarta-feira, o ativista conservador Trumpista tinha trânsito na Casa Branca. Kirk discursava na Universidade Utah Valley quando baleado. Com "prove que estou errado", atraía multidões, especialmente jovens, potencializando a vitória de Trump. O caso expõe polarização perigosa: mais de 100 casos de violência política, quase 50 mortes. Inclui atentado contra democratas e incêndio na casa do governador da Pensilvânia, após tentativa de assassinato de Trump. Natuza Nery recebe Klava e Poggio. Klava descreve o crime e relatos de estudantes. Responde sobre a investigação e o papel de Kirk. Poggio analisa a violência política, comparando com 1960/70. Avalia potencial do caso Kirk aumentar o discurso de ódio e conclui que a democracia está em risco com "desumanização" de adversários.

Convidado: Marcos Nobre, prof. Unicamp e pesquisador Cebrap A condenação de Jair Bolsonaro leva forças políticas a rearranjarem-se. Como ficam direita, extrema-direita e centrão após a condenação do ex-presidente por atentado à democracia? Natuza Nery recebe Marcos Nobre, professor Unicamp e pesquisador Cebrap, para responder. Marcos crê que o bolsonarismo segue ativo social, digital e politicamente, a pouco mais de um ano das eleições de 2026. Mesmo fora das urnas, Bolsonaro segue referência da direita e forte líder. Marcos reflete que o julgamento reflete visões de mundo opostas no Brasil. Ele analisa a força política da família Bolsonaro após a condenação, e como fica o bolsonarismo. Conclui sobre as instituições brasileiras após a decisão histórica do STF.

Convidados: Felipe Recondo, Reynaldo Turollo Jr., Pierpaolo Botino, Thiago Bottino, Oscar Vilhena e Gustavo Binenbojm. Entre 2 e 11 de setembro, a 1ª Turma do Supremo Tribunal Federal julgou Jair Bolsonaro e 7 réus por tentativa de golpe de Estado, incluindo militares de alta patente. A última quinta-feira (11) foi histórica. Nas últimas duas semanas, O Assunto relatou os fatos que levaram ao julgamento e acompanhou as quase 36 horas de sessões. Neste sábado (13), O Assunto detalha como Bolsonaro e militares foram julgados e condenados por atentar contra a democracia brasileira.

Guests: Reynaldo Turollo Jr, g1 reporter in Brasília, Gustavo Binenbojm, prof. UERJ Law School, and Oscar Vilhena, prof. FGV-SP Law School. For the first time in history, a former president is convicted of crimes against democracy. By 4 votes to 1, the STF's 1st Panel convicted Jair Bolsonaro, and 7 other defendants of 5 crimes. The sentence imposed on the former president is 27 years and 3 months in prison. In addition to Bolsonaro, Alexandre Ramagem (former director of Abin), Almir Garnier (former commander of the Navy), Anderson Torres (former Minister of Justice), Augusto Heleno (former Minister of the GSI), Mauro Cid (former Bolsonaro's aide-de-camp), Paulo Sérgio Nogueira (former Minister of Defense), and Walter Braga Netto (former Minister of Bolsonaro's Civil House and candidate for vice in the defeated ticket) were convicted. In this episode, Natuza Nery receives three guests: Reynaldo Turollo Jr, g1 reporter in Brasília, Gustavo Binenbojm, prof. UERJ Law School, and Oscar Vilhena, prof. FGV-SP Law School. The g1 reporter who followed all the trial sessions from inside the STF, Turollo explains how the votes that led to the conviction of Bolsonaro and the other defendants were cast. He reports on the atmosphere among the ministers the day after Luiz Fux's vote - the only magistrate to request the former president's acquittal. He tells how the sentences were defined and what happens from now on. Oscar Vilhena outlines the political and historical meanings of the conviction. "We had the prevalence of law over barbarism," says the professor. Vilhena analyzes the internal pressures for amnesty and the external threat coming from the US - Donald Trump called the conviction "terrible" and the US Secretary of State promised a response to the decision. The professor concludes: "from today onwards, anyone committed to democracy must be more attentive than ever". Afterwards, Natuza Nery receives Gustavo Binenbojm to talk about the legal arguments presented by Cármen Lúcia and Cristiano Zanin. He points out how the four ministers who voted for the conviction analyzed "the film" of the coup, while Fux pointed to isolated facts to justify his request for acquittal.

Convidados: Reynaldo Turollo Jr, repórter do g1 em Brasília, e Oscar Vilhena Vieira, professor da Faculdade de Direito da FGV-SP. A sessão em que o ministro Luiz Fux deu seu voto durou mais de 13 horas. Fux votou pela absolvição de Jair Bolsonaro de todos os cinco crimes pelos quais o ex-presidente responde no julgamento por tentativa de golpe. Com isso, o placar está em 2 a 1 pela condenação de Bolsonaro. Logo no início da manhã, Fux abriu uma série de divergências em relação ao relator do caso, o ministro Alexandre de Moraes, e pediu a anulação do processo por falta de competência do STF para julgar Bolsonaro e os outros sete réus. No diário do 4º dia do julgamento de Bolsonaro, o repórter do g1 Reynaldo Turollo Jr. detalha o voto de Fux, os pontos de divergência abertos por ele e os argumentos usados pelo ministro para pedir a absolvição do ex-presidente no processo da trama golpista. Turollo revela também quais foram as reações dos ministros da 1ª Turma ao ouvirem as longas horas do voto de Fux – e como as argumentações do ministro foram recebidas pelas defesas dos réus. Depois, Natuza Nery volta a conversar com Oscar Vilhena, professor de Direito da FGV-SP. Vilhena se debruça sobre o voto de Fux e analisa os argumentos jurídicos apresentados pelo ministro ao votar pela absolvição de Bolsonaro. O professor responde quais são as implicações jurídicas das discordâncias entre Fux e Moraes no processo: “Isso põe por terra que o ministro Moraes é um tirano e que ninguém pode votar contra ele dentro do tribunal.”

Convidados: Reynaldo Turollo Jr, repórter do g1 em Brasília, e Oscar Vilhena Vieira, professor da Faculdade de Direito da FGV-SP. 2 a 0. Esse é o placar parcial do julgamento de Jair Bolsonaro e de outros 7 réus por tentativa de golpe de Estado na 1ª Turma do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF). Nesta terça-feira (9), dois ministros votaram: Alexandre de Moraes e Flávio Dino. Moraes, que é relator do julgamento, abriu a votação, apontou o ex-presidente como líder de organização criminosa e votou pela condenação de todos os réus. Na sequência, Dino também se colocou a favor da condenação dos réus, mas com culpabilidades diferentes entre eles. Neste episódio, O Assunto retoma o diário do julgamento. Natuza Nery recebe Reynaldo Turollo Jr, repórter do g1 que acompanha de dentro as sessões no Supremo. Turollo relata como Moraes e Dino sustentaram seus votos, qual o clima na Corte e como os pedidos de condenação repercutiram nas defesas dos réus. Depois, a conversa é com Oscar Vilhena Vieira, professor de Direito da FGV. Vilhena, que é mestre em direito pela Universidade Columbia e doutor em Ciência Política pela USP, analisa os significados dos votos de Moraes e Dino. E conclui como este é um julgamento extraordinário do ponto de vista histórico: “ele rompe com a tradição brasileira de impunidade daqueles que rompem com o Estado Democrático de Direito”. Guests: Reynaldo Turollo Jr, g1 reporter in Brasília, and Oscar Vilhena Vieira, professor at the FGV-SP Law School. 2 to 0. This is the partial score of the trial of Jair Bolsonaro and 7 other defendants for attempted coup d'état in the 1st Panel of the Supreme Federal Court (STF). This Tuesday (9th), two ministers voted: Alexandre de Moraes and Flávio Dino. Moraes, who is the rapporteur of the trial, opened the voting, pointed to the former president as the leader of a criminal organization and voted for the conviction of all defendants. Subsequently, Dino also favored the conviction of the defendants, but with different culpabilities among them. In this episode, O Assunto resumes the trial diary. Natuza Nery receives Reynaldo Turollo Jr, a g1 reporter who follows the sessions in the Supreme Court from within. Turollo reports on how Moraes and Dino supported their votes, what the atmosphere is like in the Court and how the requests for conviction reverberated in the defendants' defenses. Afterwards, the conversation is with Oscar Vilhena Vieira, professor of Law at FGV. Vilhena, who has a master's degree in law from Columbia University and a doctorate in Political Science from USP, analyzes the meanings of Moraes and Dino's votes. And concludes that this is an extraordinary trial from a historical point of view: "it breaks with the Brazilian tradition of impunity for those who break with the Democratic Rule of Law".

Guest: Andréia Sadi, GloboNews presenter and g1 columnist. On September 7th, supporters of former president Jair Bolsonaro took to the streets in several capitals of the country to request amnesty for those convicted for January 8th, 2021 and attack the Judiciary. On the eve of the STF's 1st Chamber resuming the trial of Bolsonaro and seven other defendants for attempted coup d'état, the date commemorating Brazil's Independence had political acts from the right and the left. And one speech gained prominence: that of Tarcísio de Freitas, governor of São Paulo. On Avenida Paulista, Tarcísio pressured the president of the Chamber, Hugo Motta, to schedule the amnesty. And he criticized Alexandre de Moraes, saying that "no one can stand the tyranny" of the minister anymore. Within the Supreme Court, the speech of the governor of São Paulo provoked the reaction of Gilmar Mendes and the president of the Court, Luís Roberto Barroso. This Monday (8th), Barroso stated that the trial of Bolsonaro is "about evidence, not political or ideological dispute". In this episode, Natuza Nery talks with Andréia Sadi, GloboNews presenter and g1 columnist. Together, they assess Tarcísio's change of tone and the escalation of attacks made by him on the Judiciary. Andréia reports on the reaction to the speech of the governor of São Paulo within the Supreme Court, his situation after September 7th, and how the acts of Bolsonaro's supporters were received within the government.

Convidados: Marina Dias, repórter do The Washington Post em Brasília, e Marcelo Lins, comentarista e apresentador do GloboNews Internacional. “Lição de democracia”, “algo que os EUA não conseguiram fazer”, “o julgamento mais importante”. Estes são alguns dos termos usados pela imprensa internacional para definir o julgamento do ex-presidente Jair Bolsonaro e de outros sete réus por tentativa de golpe – um evento que faz os olhos de vários países se voltarem ao Brasil, como explicam em conversa com Natuza Nery os jornalistas Marina Dias e Marcelo Lins. Repórter do jornal The Washington Post em Brasília, Marina Dias compara o momento histórico brasileiro com o dos EUA, onde Donald Trump não foi responsabilizado por ter instigado os atos de 6 de janeiro de 2021. Na ocasião, apoiadores de Trump invadiram o Congresso americano para evitar a certificação de Joe Biden como presidente. Marina fala também sobre os desafios de explicar ao mundo a situação e as particularidades da política brasileira. E conta os bastidores da entrevista que fez com o ministro Alexandre de Moraes. Depois, Natuza conversa com Marcelo Lins, comentarista da GloboNews e apresentador do GloboNews Internacional. Lins analisa as lições que o Judiciário brasileiro dá ao mundo democrático ao julgar um ex-presidente e militares de alta patente acusados de tramar um golpe de Estado. "Não adianta fingir que o que aconteceu não aconteceu. Uma tentativa clara de ruptura com a ideia de executar lideranças políticas importantes, tudo não pode passar impune”, diz. Guests: Marina Dias, reporter for The Washington Post in Brasília, and Marcelo Lins, commentator and host of GloboNews Internacional. "Lesson in democracy," "something the US failed to do," "the most important trial." These are some of the terms used by the international press to define the trial of former President Jair Bolsonaro and seven other defendants for attempted coup – an event that makes the eyes of several countries turn to Brazil, as journalists Marina Dias and Marcelo Lins explain in conversation with Natuza Nery. The Washington Post's reporter in Brasília, Marina Dias, compares the historical Brazilian moment with that of the USA, where Donald Trump was not held responsible for instigating the acts of January 6, 2021. On that occasion, Trump supporters invaded the American Congress to prevent the certification of Joe Biden as president. Marina also talks about the challenges of explaining the situation and the particularities of Brazilian politics to the world. And she tells the behind-the-scenes story of the interview she did with Minister Alexandre de Moraes. Afterwards, Natuza talks to Marcelo Lins, GloboNews commentator and host of GloboNews Internacional. Lins analyzes the lessons that the Brazilian Judiciary gives to the democratic world by judging a former president and high-ranking military officers accused of plotting a coup d'état. "There's no point in pretending that what happened didn't happen. A clear attempt to break with the idea of executing important political leaders, everything cannot go unpunished," he says.

Guest: Bernardo Mello Franco, columnist for O Globo newspaper and commentator for CBN radio. While the trial of former President Jair Bolsonaro began at the Supreme Federal Court, a movement was being orchestrated at another point in the Praça dos Três Poderes. In Congress, pressure for amnesty for those responsible for January 8, 2023, gained traction. The agenda became a priority for opposition parliamentarians and gained the support of the Centrão – during the week, the União Progressista federation announced its departure from the government to help the project move forward. The president of the Chamber, Hugo Motta (Republicanos-PB), signaled this Thursday (4th) that the topic is still under discussion and that the definition of the analysis is open. In the Senate, an alternative proposal is under debate. Meanwhile, President Lula stated that the mobilization against pardoning the crimes for the attempted coup must be “a battle of the people as well.” In this episode, Natuza Nery talks to Bernardo Mello Franco to explain why the movement for amnesty gained strength precisely when Bolsonaro is being judged at the STF. Columnist for O Globo newspaper and commentator for CBN radio, Bernardo analyzes the actions of the governor of São Paulo, Tarcísio de Freitas (Republicanos-SP), and the former president of the Chamber, Arthur Lira (PP-AL) in favor of amnesty – and their interests behind this agenda. And he concludes: “because of this tradition of conciliation and impunity that the history of Brazil has seen coups repeating themselves.”

Convidados: Reynaldo Turollo Jr, repórter do g1 em Brasília; e Thiago Bottino, professor de direito da FGV-Rio. No segundo dia de julgamento de Jair Bolsonaro e de mais 7 réus, quatro defesas foram ouvidas pela 1ª Turma do Supremo – entre elas a do ex-presidente. A sessão durou pouco mais de três horas, e acabou no início da tarde. Em suas falas, os advogados de Bolsonaro e de generais de alta patente tentaram desqualificar as provas, e voltaram a questionar a delação de Mauro Cid e a conduta do ministro Alexandre de Moraes à frente do processo. No segundo diário do julgamento, Natuza Nery volta a conversar com Reynaldo Turollo Jr., repórter do g1 em Brasília que acompanha as sessões de dentro do Supremo. Turollo relata quais foram os principais pontos da sessão, entre eles o momento em que, na avaliação de especialistas, a defesa de Paulo Sérgio Nogueira (ex-comandante do Exército e ex-ministro da Defesa) “entregou a cabeça de Bolsonaro”. Depois, a conversa é com Thiago Bottino, professor de Direito da FGV-RJ. Bottino analisa as falas das defesas, e responde como a estratégia adotada pelos advogados dos réus pode refletir na definição das penas. Ele compara também a atuação das defesas no Supremo com a defesa política feita por apoiadores do ex-presidente. Guests: Reynaldo Turollo Jr, g1 reporter in Brasília; and Thiago Bottino, law professor at FGV-Rio. On the second day of the trial of Jair Bolsonaro and 7 other defendants, four defenses were heard by the Supreme Court's 1st Panel – including that of the former president. The session lasted just over three hours, ending in the early afternoon. In their speeches, the lawyers for Bolsonaro and high-ranking generals tried to disqualify the evidence, and again questioned Mauro Cid's plea bargain and the conduct of Minister Alexandre de Moraes at the head of the process. In the second trial diary, Natuza Nery returns to talk with Reynaldo Turollo Jr., a g1 reporter in Brasília who follows the sessions from inside the Supreme Court. Turollo reports on the main points of the session, including the moment when, in the opinion of experts, the defense of Paulo Sérgio Nogueira (former Army commander and former Minister of Defense) "handed over Bolsonaro's head". Afterwards, the conversation is with Thiago Bottino, a law professor at FGV-RJ. Bottino analyzes the defenses' statements and answers how the strategy adopted by the defendants' lawyers may reflect on the definition of penalties. He also compares the actions of the defenses in the Supreme Court with the political defense made by supporters of the former president.

Guests: Reynaldo Turollo Jr, g1 reporter in Brasília, and Pierpaolo Bottini, USP law professor. At 9:11 am on September 2nd, the STF's 1st Panel opened the session to judge former president Jair Bolsonaro and 7 other defendants for a coup d'état. Reading his report on this first day of trial, Minister Alexandre de Moraes sent messages about his vote. Attorney General Paulo Gonet showed the prosecution's evidence and said that no "signed order" is needed for an attempted coup. And the lawyers of 4 defendants presented their defense strategies. Reynaldo Turollo Jr, a g1 reporter in Brasília, reports on the first day of the trial. In conversation with Natuza Nery, Turollo keeps a diary of the historic trial. He highlights the main points of Moares', Gonet's, and the defenses' speeches. Turollo recounts the atmosphere in the Supreme Court, and answers what to expect this Wednesday, day 2 of the trial, when it will be former president Jair Bolsonaro's defense's turn to defend him. Afterwards, Natuza talks with Pierpaolo Bottini, lawyer and professor of Criminal Law at the USP Faculty of Law. Bottini analyzes Alexandre de Moraes' political messages when reading his report, the arguments used in the PGR's accusation, and the defense strategies of Mauro Cid, Alexandre Ramagem, Admiral Almir Garnier, and Anderson Torres.

Guest: Felipe Recondo, journalist and author of the books “The Eleven” and “The Court: How the Supreme Court United Against the Authoritarian Threat”. Starting this Tuesday (2nd), Brazil will witness an unprecedented trial. For the first time, a former president and high-ranking military officers will be placed in the dock on charges of crimes against democracy. According to the Attorney General's Office (PGR), Jair Bolsonaro and 7 other allies were part of the so-called "crucial core" of the coup plot that tried to change the result of the last presidential election. Bolsonaro, Alexandre Ramagem (former Abin), Almiri Garnier (former Navy commander), Anderson Torres (former Minister of Justice), Augusto Heleno (former Minister of the Institutional Security Office), Mauro Cid (former aide to Bolsonaro), Paulo Sérgio Nogueira (former Minister of Defense) and Walter Braga Netto (former Minister of the Civil House) will be judged by the 1st Panel of the STF. In this episode of O Assunto, Natuza Nery talks to journalist Felipe Recondo to explain everything you need to know to follow the STF sessions from this Tuesday. Specialized in covering the Supreme Court and author of the books “The Eleven” and “The Court”, Recondo details how the trial will proceed and what to expect from each day. He recalls the PGR's complaint, the crimes pointed out against the defendants and what the expectation is around the votes of the five ministers that make up the 1st Panel of the Supreme Court.

Guest: Ariel Palacios, Globo and GloboNews correspondent in Buenos Aires. After nearly two years leading the Casa Rosada, Javier Milei has experienced highs and lows in his approval. Elected with an anti-politics discourse and the promise to handle Argentina's troubled economy, he faces his worst moment as president. The trigger for Milei's crisis is the scandal involving his sister, Karina, presidential secretary and whom he calls 'El Jefe' ('The Boss', in Spanish). The case surfaced after the release of audios of Diego Spagnuolo, a personal friend of the Milei siblings who held the position of director of the National Agency for People with Disabilities. In the recordings, Spagnuolo mentions Karina's participation in a corruption scheme in the purchase of medicines — the president's sister would keep 3% of the 8% bribe charged on all department contracts. The turbulence adds to the distrust of the population and the financial sector regarding Milei's economic policy: after a significant drop in inflation, prices have risen again. All this on the eve of two important elections: for representatives of the province of Buenos Aires, on September 7; and for national deputies and senators, on October 26. To explain the crisis in the Argentine government, Natuza Nery talks with Ariel Palacios, Globo and GloboNews correspondent in Buenos Aires. He talks about the umbilical relationship of the Milei siblings and the weight of the corruption allegations for the president's image.

Guests: César Tralli, Globo and GloboNews presenter, and Bruno Tavares, Globo reporter. Dubbed Hidden Carbon, this Thursday's (28th) mega-operation revealed the PCC criminal group's operation in a complex scheme involving the fuel sector and Faria Lima institutions, the country's main financial center. Considered the country's largest anti-crime operation in history, the investigation exposed how criminal factions invaded gas stations and penetrated the financial system. According to investigations, the criminal group used agents infiltrated in fintechs and investment funds to prevent crime money from being tracked. The Federal Revenue Service states that criminals moved R$ 52 billion in the last 4 years through fintechs, companies that use technology to offer financial services in a simpler and faster way than traditional banks – and with almost no public sector oversight. “Fintechs have become a black hole,” summarizes César Tralli in a conversation with Natuza Nery in this episode. Globo and GloboNews presenter, Tralli reports what he heard from investigators and tells how the investigation against organized crime reached the financial heart of the country. Before, Natuza talks to Bruno Tavares, Globo reporter who first revealed the mega-operation against the PCC. He explains how this investigation was born and answers why the fuel sector is so attractive for the practice of crimes.

Guest: Cláudio Couto, political scientist and professor at FGV The so-called Shielding PEC returned to the Chamber's agenda after the agreement for the president of the Chamber, Hugo Motta (Republicans-PB) to resume his seat, taken by opposition deputies in a mutiny earlier this month. Along with the text that shields politicians, there is also discussion about the end of privileged jurisdiction and the project that creates new rules for parties to file lawsuits in the Supreme Court. This Wednesday (27), Motta stated that the discussion around the text is a "right of Congress" and aims to give greater "independence" to parliamentary activity. Until the end of Wednesday night, the text was still open and there was no consensus for the vote. In practice, the Shielding PEC can hinder investigations into parliamentarians, as political scientist Cláudio Couto explains in a conversation with Natuza Nery in this episode. "We are going to create an oligarchy that can turn its back on society," assesses the FGV professor. Cláudio also explains how a combination of factors caused the package of proposals to advance at this moment in Congress, on the eve of the trial of former president Jair Bolsonaro in the STF.

Guests: José Hamilton Ribeiro, Brazilian journalist who covered the Vietnam War, and Artur Romeu, Latin America director of Reporters Without Borders. According to the UN Human Rights office, 247 media professionals have died in Gaza since the start of the conflict between Israel and the terrorist group Hamas in October 2023. The Committee to Protect Journalists counts 197 deaths. These numbers are greater than the sum of all journalists killed in the Vietnam, Yugoslavia, and Afghanistan wars plus both world wars. And it is a count that does not stop growing: on Monday (25th), a new Israeli attack on the Nasser Hospital, in Khan Younis, killed 20 people, five of them media professionals. In this episode, Natuza Nery talks with José Hamilton Ribeiro, author of "The Taste of War," a book in which he narrates his coverage of the Vietnam War for Realidade magazine, in 1968. A Globo journalist for more than four decades, he carries on his body the mark of war coverage: when stepping on a landmine, he lost a leg. Artur Romeu, Latin America director of Reporters Without Borders, also participates in the episode. He points out what are the main rights guaranteed to journalists in conflict zones and explains why the work of the press is fundamental for the world to know what happens in a war, beyond the official reports released by the parties involved.