Jo Boaler is a professor of mathematics education at Stanford and the co-founder of youcubed. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Truebill: https://truebill.com/lex – Fundrise: https://fundrise.com/lex – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free – Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit – Stamps.com: https://stamps.com and use code LEX to get free postage & scale EPISODE LINKS: Jo’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/joboaler youcubed: https://www.youcubed.org/ Jo’s Books: https://amzn.to/2Y3S2xW Elastic by Leonard Mlodinow: https://amz.run/4tCk Deep Work by Cal Newport: https://amz.run/4tCl 3Blue1Brown: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw Manim: https://github.com/3b1b/manim PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (06:48) – What is beautiful about mathematics? (15:37) – How difficult should math really be? (23:56) – Students giving up on math (35:17) – Improving math education in schools (45:14) – Inspiring mathematical creativity (1:03:00) – youcubed (1:07:20) – Best methods for studying math (1:27:54) – Advice for young people

Jeffrey Shainline is a physicist at NIST working on. Note: Opinions expressed by Jeff do not represent NIST. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Stripe: https://stripe.com – Codecademy: https://codecademy.com and use code LEX to get 15% off – Linode: https://linode.com/lex to get $100 free credit – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off EPISODE LINKS: Jeff’s Website: http://www.shainline.net Jeff’s Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=rnHpY3YAAAAJ Jeff’s NIST Page: https://www.nist.gov/people/jeff-shainline PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (05:56) – How are processors made? (25:15) – Are engineers or physicists more important (27:43) – Super-conductivity (43:31) – Computation (48:07) – Computation vs communication (51:48) – Electrons for computation and light for communication (1:02:32) – Neuromorphic computing (1:27:23) – What is NIST? (1:30:41) – Implementing super-conductivity (1:38:20) – The future of neuromorphic computing (1:57:54) – Loop neurons (2:04:09) – Machine learning (2:18:36) – Cosmological evolution (2:25:44) – Cosmological natural selection (2:43:05) – Life in the universe (2:50:52) – The rare Earth hypothesis

Travis Oliphant is a data scientist, entrepreneur, and creator of NumPy, SciPy, and Anaconda. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Novo: https://banknovo.com/lex – Allform: https://allform.com/lex to get 20% off – Onnit: https://lexfridman.com/onnit to get up to 10% off – Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil – Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium EPISODE LINKS: Travis’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/teoliphant Travis’s Wiki Page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travis_Oliphant NumPy: https://numpy.org/ SciPy: https://scipy.org/about.html Anaconda: https://www.anaconda.com/products/individual Quansight: https://www.quansight.com PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:06) – Early programming (28:47) – SciPy (45:41) – Open source (57:23) – NumPy (1:34:39) – Guido van Rossum (1:46:57) – Efficiency (1:55:49) – Objects (2:02:47) – Numba (2:11:53) – Anaconda (2:16:20) – Conda (2:31:56) – Quansight Labs (2:35:32) – OpenTeams (2:43:05) – GitHub (2:48:35) – Marketing (2:53:13) – Great programming (3:04:03) – Hiring (3:08:01) – Advice for young people

Travis Stevens is the 2016 Olympic Judo silver medalist and BJJ black belt. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Justworks: https://justworks.com – Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit – MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex to get 15% off – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings EPISODE LINKS: Travis’s Website: https://www.travisstevensgrappling.com/ Travis’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/judosilencer Travis’s Youtube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/TravisStevensgrappling Travis’s Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/judosilencer PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (10:08) – What is Judo? (17:55) – Travis’s signature throw (23:20) – Fundamentals (25:12) – Throws (38:04) – Gripping (46:37) – Weight cutting (1:15:50) – Injuries (1:19:50) – Jiu-Jitsu (1:23:33) – Lex on his judo competition experience (1:26:58) – Levels of mastery (1:40:09) – Matches (1:54:10) – Travis inspired Lex to practice judo (2:00:24) – London 2012 Olympic games (2:42:01) – 2016 Olympic games (3:16:24) – Mixed team competition (3:23:50) – The value of epic throws (3:27:17) – Shohei Ono (3:33:39) – Chess (3:38:42) – The coach (3:45:18) – Advice for young people

Jay McClelland is a cognitive scientist at Stanford. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Paperspace: https://gradient.run/lex to get $15 credit – Skiff: https://skiff.org/lex to get early access – Uprising Food: https://uprisingfood.com/lex to get $10 off 1st starter bundle – Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off – Onnit: https://lexfridman.com/onnit to get up to 10% off EPISODE LINKS: Jay’s Website: https://stanford.edu/~jlmcc/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:12) – Beauty in neural networks (11:31) – Darwin and evolution (17:16) – The origin of intelligence (23:58) – Explorations in cognition (30:02) – Learning representations by back-propagating errors (36:27) – Dave Rumelhart and cognitive modeling (49:30) – Connectionism (1:12:23) – Geoffrey Hinton (1:14:19) – Learning in a neural network (1:31:11) – Mathematics & reality (1:38:19) – Modeling intelligence (1:48:57) – Noam Chomsky and linguistic cognition (2:03:18) – Advice for young people (2:14:26) – Psychiatry and exploring the mind (2:27:04) – Legacy (2:32:53) – Meaning of life

Douglas Lenat is the founder of Cyc, a 37 year project aiming to solve common-sense knowledge and reasoning in AI. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Squarespace: https://lexfridman.com/squarespace and use code LEX to get 10% off – BiOptimizers: http://www.magbreakthrough.com/lex to get 10% off – Stamps.com: https://stamps.com and use code LEX to get free postage & scale – LMNT: https://drinkLMNT.com/lex to get free sample pack – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free EPISODE LINKS: Douglas’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/cycorpai Cyc’s Website: https://cyc.com PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:39) – What is Cyc? (15:45) – How to form a knowledge base of the universe (26:11) – How to train an AI knowledge base (30:32) – Global consistency versus local consistency (54:53) – Automated reasoning (1:00:33) – Direct uses of AI and machine learning (1:13:11) – The semantic web (1:23:44) – Tools to help Cyc interpret data (1:32:54) – The most beautiful idea about Cyc (1:38:53) – Love and consciousness in AI (1:45:52) – The greatness of Marvin Minsky (1:50:46) – Is Cyc just a beautiful dream? (1:55:31) – What is OpenCyc and how was it born? (2:01:21) – The open source community and OpenCyc (2:11:48) – The inference problem (2:13:31) – Cyc’s programming language (2:21:05) – Ontological engineering (2:28:30) – Do machines think? (2:37:15) – Death and consciousness (2:47:16) – What would you say to AI? (2:51:52) – Advice to young people (2:53:48) – Mortality

Niels Jorgensen is a former New York firefighter for over 21 years, who was there at Ground Zero on September 11th, 2001. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – ROKA: https://roka.com/ and use code LEX to get 20% off your first order – MUD\WTR: https://mudwtr.com/lex and use code LEX to get 5% off – Magic Spoon: https://magicspoon.com/lex and use code LEX to get $5 off – Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium EPISODE LINKS: Niels’s 20 for 20 Podcast: https://ironlightlabs.org/20-for-20/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (08:52) – September 11, 2001 (36:48) – Falling man (40:58) – Ground Zero (47:17) – 20 for 20 (50:27) – What it means to be a great firefighter (53:11) – Why did you become a firefighter? (55:00) – Tally Ho (57:46) – New view of the world (1:05:16) – Empathy (1:09:49) – Leukemia (1:25:18) – New York City (1:31:28) – John Feal (1:44:57) – Conspiracy theories (1:53:45) – Faith (1:55:44) – Modern communication (2:00:11) – Hand written letters (2:14:02) – Love (2:25:45) – War in Afghanistan (2:37:24) – Brave stories from 9/11

Donald Knuth is a computer scientist, Turing Award winner, father of algorithm analysis, author of The Art of Computer Programming, and creator of TeX. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Coinbase: https://coinbase.com/lex to get $5 in free Bitcoin – InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex and use code Lex25 to get 25% off – NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off EPISODE LINKS: Donald’s Stanford Page: https://profiles.stanford.edu/donald-knuth Donald’s Books: https://amzn.to/3heyBsC PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:02) – First programs (30:26) – Literate programming (33:35) – Beauty in programming (39:30) – OpenAI (48:41) – Optimization (54:46) – Consciousness (1:03:29) – Conway’s game of life (1:16:16) – Stable marriage (1:19:35) – Richard Feynman (1:30:29) – Knuth-Morris-Pratt Algorithm (1:40:02) – Hardest problem (1:57:41) – Open source (2:02:54) – Favorite symbols (2:12:27) – Productivity (2:20:08) – Meaning of life

Jaron Lanier is a computer scientist, composer, artist, author, and founder of the field of virtual reality. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Skiff: https://skiff.org/lex to get early access – Novo: https://banknovo.com/lex – Onnit: https://lexfridman.com/onnit to get up to 10% off – Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings EPISODE LINKS: Jaron’s Website: http://www.jaronlanier.com/ Jaron’s Books: https://amzn.to/3tlhl9T PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (08:04) – What is reality? (12:17) – Turing machines (13:35) – Simulating our universe (19:49) – Video games and other immersive experiences (23:37) – Death and consciousness (32:08) – Designing human-centric AI (33:42) – Empathy with robots (37:33) – Social media incentives (49:53) – Data dignity (57:26) – Jack Dorsey and Twitter (1:09:10) – Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies (1:13:51) – Government overreach and freedom (1:24:06) – GitHub and TikTok (1:26:16) – The Autodidactic Universe (1:31:07) – Humans and the mystery of music (1:37:17) – Defining moments (1:48:03) – Mortality (1:49:56) – The meaning of life

Rodney Brooks is a roboticist, former head of CSAIL at MIT, and co-founder of iRobot, Rethink Robotics, and Robust.AI. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Paperspace: https://gradient.run/lex to get $15 credit – GiveDirectly: https://givedirectly.org/lex to get gift matched up to $300 – BiOptimizers: http://www.magbreakthrough.com/lex to get 10% off – Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off – SimpliSafe: https://simplisafe.com/lex and use code LEX to get a free security camera EPISODE LINKS: Rodney’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/rodneyabrooks Rodney’s Blog: http://rodneybrooks.com/blog/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:33) – First robots (28:58) – Brains and computers (1:01:47) – Self-driving cars (1:21:57) – Believing in the impossible (1:32:47) – Predictions (1:43:49) – iRobot (2:11:11) – Sharing an office with AI experts (2:23:21) – Advice for young people (2:27:07) – Meaning of life

Vincent Racaniello is a virologist, immunologist, and microbiologist at Columbia. He is a co-author of the textbook Principles of Virology and co-host of This Week in Virology podcast. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Privacy: https://privacy.com/lex to get $5 added to your account – Justworks: https://justworks.com – Sun Basket: https://sunbasket.com/lex and use code LEX to get $35 off – The Information: https://theinformation.com/lex to get 75% off first month – Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil EPISODE LINKS: Vincent’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/profvrr Vincent’s YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/vincentracaniello Vincent’s Podcast: https://www.microbe.tv/ Vincent’s Website: http://www.virology.ws/ Vincent’s Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/profvrr PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (10:24) – Microbiology by numbers (15:47) – From bacteria to an organism (23:46) – AlphaFold 2 (27:44) – Simulating an evolutionary arms race (53:11) – The most terrifying virus (1:14:54) – SARS-CoV-2 (1:29:38) – Coronaviruses and Influenza. What’s the difference? (1:35:45) – Vaccines (1:41:43) – Lex on his reaction to the COVID-19 vaccine shot (1:47:39) – Modern vaccines (1:52:39) – How does mRNA vaccine work? (1:55:26) – Are mRNA vaccines safe? (2:21:52) – Lex on trust in authority (2:36:59) – Ivermectin (2:43:39) – Hydroxychloroquine (2:48:22) – Variants and mutations (2:55:20) – Testing (3:03:27) – How does COVID-19 spread? (3:06:37) – Masks (3:15:05) – Bret Weinstein vs Sam Harris (3:18:39) – This Week in Virology (3:28:19) – Advice for young people (3:30:42) – Meaning of life

Wojciech Zaremba is a co-founder of OpenAI. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Paperspace: https://gradient.run/lex to get $15 credit – Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit – Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium – Grammarly: https://grammarly.com/lex to get 20% off premium – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings EPISODE LINKS: Wojciech’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/woj_zaremba Wojciech’s Website: https://wojzaremba.com/ OpenAI’s Website: https://openai.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:57) – The Fermi paradox (14:59) – Systems of government (17:36) – Life, intelligence, and consciousness (24:49) – GPT language model (27:02) – Engineering consciousness (31:19) – Is there an algorithm for intelligence? (38:41) – Neural networks and deep learning (51:32) – Human reward functions (56:26) – Love is part of the human condition (58:53) – Expanding our circle of empathy (1:02:58) – Psychedelics and meditation (1:14:25) – Ilya Sutskever (1:21:42) – How does GPT work? (1:31:35) – AI safety (1:38:21) – OpenAI Codex (1:51:54) – Robotics (2:01:11) – Developing self driving cars and robots (2:12:02) – What is the benchmark for intelligence? (2:15:04) – Will we spend more time in virtual reality? (2:17:18) – AI Friendships (2:26:48) – Sleep (2:29:22) – Generating good ideas (2:35:47) – Advice for young people (2:40:31) – Getting started with machine learning (2:43:44) – What is beauty? (2:47:35) – Death (2:54:23) – Meaning of life

Jed Buchwald is a historian and philosopher of science at Caltech. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – GiveWell: https://www.givewell.org/ and use code LEX to get donation matched up to $1k – Theragun: https://therabody.com/lex to get 30 day trial – LMNT: https://drinkLMNT.com/lex to get free sample pack – Fundrise: https://fundrise.com/lex – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off EPISODE LINKS: Jed’s Caltech page: https://bit.ly/38eLLRF Jed’s Books: https://amzn.to/2WoxGPi PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (06:34) – How does science progress? (22:48) – Theory of Everything (34:40) – Consciousness (38:15) – Most Beautiful Moments in Science (46:00) – Isaac Newton (1:12:13) – Competition in Science (1:22:47) – Newton’s Career (1:35:58) – Importance of Data (1:42:17) – Alchemy (1:46:31) – Newton and Religion (1:49:44) – Showing Newton the future (1:54:28) – Newton and Einstein

Barry Barish is a theoretical physicist at Caltech and the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – MUD\WTR: https://mudwtr.com/lex and use code LEX to get 5% off – GiveDirectly: https://givedirectly.org/lex to get gift matched up to $300 – BiOptimizers: http://www.magbreakthrough.com/lex to get 10% off – Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off – Magic Spoon: https://magicspoon.com/lex and use code LEX to get $5 off EPISODE LINKS: Barry’s Nobel Prize entry: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2017/barish/facts/ Barry’s Caltech profile: https://pma.caltech.edu/people/barry-c-barish LIGO’s Website: https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/ LIGO’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/LIGO PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (08:27) – Early Math and Physics questions (18:02) – Enrico Fermi (24:34) – Birth of the Nuclear Age (29:42) – The Fermi Paradox (34:45) – Gravity (51:28) – Philosophical Implications of General Relativity (58:34) – Detecting Gravitational Waves (1:01:47) – LIGO (1:34:45) – Nobel Prize (1:49:34) – Black Holes (2:01:53) – Space Exploration (2:09:48) – Books (2:18:37) – Advice for young people (2:24:33) – Meaning of life

Joscha Bach is a cognitive scientist, AI researcher, and philosopher. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Coinbase: https://coinbase.com/lex to get $5 in free Bitcoin – Codecademy: https://codecademy.com and use code LEX to get 15% off – Linode: https://linode.com/lex to get $100 free credit – NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free EPISODE LINKS: Joscha’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/Plinz Joscha’s Website: http://bach.ai PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:15) – Life is hard (09:38) – Consciousness (16:24) – What is life? (26:33) – Free will (40:38) – Simulation (42:49) – Base layer of reality (58:24) – Boston Dynamics (1:06:43) – Engineering consciousness (1:17:12) – Suffering (1:26:06) – Postmodernism (1:30:25) – Psychedelics (1:43:40) – GPT-3 (1:52:22) – GPT-4 (1:58:47) – OpenAI Codex (2:01:02) – Humans vs AI: Who is more dangerous? (2:17:47) – Hitler (2:22:44) – Autonomous weapon systems (2:30:11) – Mark Zuckerberg (2:35:47) – Love (2:50:00) – Michael Malice and anarchism (3:06:57) – Love (3:11:05) – Advice for young people (3:15:42) – Meaning of life

Brian Muraresku is the author of The Immortality Key. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex and use code Lex25 to get 25% off – GiveWell: https://www.givewell.org/ and use code LEX to get donation matched up to $1k – NI: https://www.ni.com/perspectives – Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit – MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex to get 15% off EPISODE LINKS: Brian’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/brianmuraresku Brian’s website: https://www.brianmuraresku.com Immortality Key (book): https://amzn.to/3iNYBfB PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (09:46) – Who or what is God? (25:15) – Terence McKenna’s DMT Trips (29:58) – Psychedelics were the source of collective intelligence (40:30) – Psychedelics in ancient alcohol (43:30) – The Immortality Key (46:16) – Jesus and psychedelic wine (58:56) – Role of rituals in human society (1:02:37) – Human confrontation with death (1:05:15) – The future of the human experience (1:17:07) – The role of religion in society (1:22:54) – The future of psychedelics research (1:26:05) – Fasting and meditation as religious experiences (1:29:44) – Neuralink and BCIs (1:36:42) – Is LSD a crutch or an aid in creative work (1:39:21) – Nietzsche said God is dead (1:41:48) – Creatures people meet while on psychedelics (1:47:18) – Consciousness (1:53:41) – Books or movies that made an impact (1:57:39) – Meaning of life

Matt Walker is a sleep scientist at Berkeley, author of Why We Sleep, and the host of a new podcast called The Matt Walker Podcast. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Stamps.com: https://stamps.com and use code LEX to get free postage & scale – Squarespace: https://lexfridman.com/squarespace and use code LEX to get 10% off – Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off – Onnit: https://lexfridman.com/onnit to get up to 10% off EPISODE LINKS: Matt’s Podcast: https://themattwalkerpodcast.buzzsprout.com/ Matt’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/sleepdiplomat Matt’s Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/drmattwalker Matt’s Website: https://www.sleepdiplomat.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (09:56) – Putin moment: Lex takes Matt’s sunglasses (10:17) – Fascination with sleep (14:26) – Why do we sleep? (22:58) – Computer vision for driver assistance (32:19) – Consciousness is fundamental (40:25) – Lex on human to robot connection (42:52) – Scent of a Woman is better than “John Wick” (54:33) – Distinction between coffee and caffeine (1:20:17) – The science of ‘sleeping on it’ (1:34:10) – Lex on his sleeping schedule (1:59:14) – Chronotypes (2:06:44) – How to overcome insomnia (2:24:07) – Diet and sleep (2:33:03) – Where do dreams come from? (2:46:41) – How sleep affects emotions (2:53:35) – Meaning of life

Luis and Joao Batalha are co-founders of Fermat’s Library. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Skiff: https://skiff.org/lex to get early access – SimpliSafe: https://simplisafe.com/lex and use code LEX to get a free security camera – Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit – NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour – Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off EPISODE LINKS: Fermat’s Library Twitter: https://twitter.com/fermatslibrary Luis’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/luismbat Joao’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/joao_batalha Fermat’s Library Website: https://fermatslibrary.com PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (10:18) – Backstories to research papers (25:09) – Fermat’s Library (45:10) – Scientific publishing (1:08:50) – How to read a paper (1:14:44) – Taking good notes (1:23:23) – Favorite papers on Fermat’s Library (2:04:14) – Fermat’s Library on Twitter (2:13:46) – What it takes to build a successful startup (2:22:43) – Game of Thrones (2:25:30) – Realism in science fiction movies (2:31:29) – Greatest soccer player of all time (2:54:18) – Advice for young people

Jeff Hawkins is a neuroscientist and cofounder of Numenta, a neuroscience research company. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Codecademy: https://codecademy.com and use code LEX to get 15% off – BiOptimizers: http://www.magbreakthrough.com/lex to get 10% off – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings – Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium EPISODE LINKS: A Thousand Brain (book): https://amzn.to/3AmxJt7 Numenta’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/Numenta Numenta’s Website: https://numenta.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (10:35) – Collective intelligence (17:17) – The origin of intelligence in the human brain (30:31) – How intelligent life evolved on Earth (41:30) – Why humans are special in the universe (44:48) – Neurons (49:02) – A Thousand Brains theory of intelligence (57:42) – How to build superintelligent AI (1:15:41) – Sam Harris and existential risk of AI (1:27:43) – Neuralink (1:34:34) – Will AI prevent the self-destruction of human civilization? (1:40:05) – Communicating human knowledge to alien civilizations (1:50:22) – Devil’s advocate (1:55:16) – Human nature (2:03:39) – Hardware for AI (2:10:18) – Advice for young people

Chris Duffin is a strength athlete, coach, and engineer, setting multiple strength world records including squatting and deadlifting 1000 lbs for multiple reps. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Headspace: https://headspace.com/lex to get free 1 month trial – Magic Spoon: https://magicspoon.com/lex and use code LEX to get $5 off – Sun Basket: https://sunbasket.com/lex and use code LEX to get $35 off – Ladder: https://ladderlife.com/lex EPISODE LINKS: Chris’s Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/mad_scientist_duffin The Eagle and the Dragon (book): https://amzn.to/3Ckpfoj Chris’s Website: https://christopherduffin.com Kabuki Strength: https://kabukistrength.com PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:10) – Performing feats of strength (13:52) – What does it take to lift 1000 lbs for reps? (16:43) – From 500 to 1000lb (17:15) – The mechanics of heavy lifting (28:32) – What did it feel like to do 1000lbs for reps? (30:26) – Achieving peak performance (35:16) – Importance of singular focus (37:48) – Chris’s childhood (50:37) – The Eagle and the Dragon: A Story of Strength and Reinvention (58:21) – Lex on business (1:04:52) – The Disciplines of Strength (1:09:33) – Powerlifting (1:22:37) – Role of strength in MMA, BJJ… and baseball (1:32:38) – What is Kabuki Strength? (1:38:55) – Equipment (1:50:09) – The importance of strong feet (1:59:15) – Chris’s diet (2:05:37) – Lex on moderation in food (2:06:11) – Steroids and PED’s (2:24:14) – Whiskey and deadlifts (2:33:03) – Is it better to work hard or smart? (2:41:52) – Advice for young people (2:45:02) – Fear of death