Jed Buchwald is a historian and philosopher of science at Caltech. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - GiveWell: https://www.givewell.org/ and use code LEX to get donation matched up to $1k - Theragun: https://therabody.com/lex to get 30 day trial - LMNT: https://drinkLMNT.com/lex to get free sample pack - Fundrise: https://fundrise.com/lex - BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off EPISODE LINKS: Jed's Caltech page: https://bit.ly/38eLLRF Jed's Books: https://amzn.to/2WoxGPi PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (06:34) - How does science progress? (22:48) - Theory of Everything (34:40) - Consciousness (38:15) - Most Beautiful Moments in Science (46:00) - Isaac Newton (1:12:13) - Competition in Science (1:22:47) - Newton's Career (1:35:58) - Importance of Data (1:42:17) - Alchemy (1:46:31) - Newton and Religion (1:49:44) - Showing Newton the future (1:54:28) - Newton and Einstein

Barry Barish is a theoretical physicist at Caltech and the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - MUD\WTR: https://mudwtr.com/lex and use code LEX to get 5% off - GiveDirectly: https://givedirectly.org/lex to get gift matched up to $300 - BiOptimizers: http://www.magbreakthrough.com/lex to get 10% off - Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off - Magic Spoon: https://magicspoon.com/lex and use code LEX to get $5 off EPISODE LINKS: Barry's Nobel Prize entry: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2017/barish/facts/ Barry's Caltech profile: https://pma.caltech.edu/people/barry-c-barish LIGO's Website: https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/ LIGO's Twitter: https://twitter.com/LIGO PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (08:27) - Early Math and Physics questions (18:02) - Enrico Fermi (24:34) - Birth of the Nuclear Age (29:42) - The Fermi Paradox (34:45) - Gravity (51:28) - Philosophical Implications of General Relativity (58:34) - Detecting Gravitational Waves (1:01:47) - LIGO (1:34:45) - Nobel Prize (1:49:34) - Black Holes (2:01:53) - Space Exploration (2:09:48) - Books (2:18:37) - Advice for young people (2:24:33) - Meaning of life

Joscha Bach is a cognitive scientist, AI researcher, and philosopher. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Coinbase: https://coinbase.com/lex to get $5 in free Bitcoin - Codecademy: https://codecademy.com and use code LEX to get 15% off - Linode: https://linode.com/lex to get $100 free credit - NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour - ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free EPISODE LINKS: Joscha's Twitter: https://twitter.com/Plinz Joscha's Website: http://bach.ai PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (07:15) - Life is hard (09:38) - Consciousness (16:24) - What is life? (26:33) - Free will (40:38) - Simulation (42:49) - Base layer of reality (58:24) - Boston Dynamics (1:06:43) - Engineering consciousness (1:17:12) - Suffering (1:26:06) - Postmodernism (1:30:25) - Psychedelics (1:43:40) - GPT-3 (1:52:22) - GPT-4 (1:58:47) - OpenAI Codex (2:01:02) - Humans vs AI: Who is more dangerous? (2:17:47) - Hitler (2:22:44) - Autonomous weapon systems (2:30:11) - Mark Zuckerberg (2:35:47) - Love (2:50:00) - Michael Malice and anarchism (3:06:57) - Love (3:11:05) - Advice for young people (3:15:42) - Meaning of life

Brian Muraresku is the author of The Immortality Key. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex and use code Lex25 to get 25% off - GiveWell: https://www.givewell.org/ and use code LEX to get donation matched up to $1k - NI: https://www.ni.com/perspectives - Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit - MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex to get 15% off EPISODE LINKS: Brian's Twitter: https://twitter.com/brianmuraresku Brian's website: https://www.brianmuraresku.com Immortality Key (book): https://amzn.to/3iNYBfB PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (09:46) - Who or what is God? (25:15) - Terence McKenna's DMT Trips (29:58) - Psychedelics were the source of collective intelligence (40:30) - Psychedelics in ancient alcohol (43:30) - The Immortality Key (46:16) - Jesus and psychedelic wine (58:56) - Role of rituals in human society (1:02:37) - Human confrontation with death (1:05:15) - The future of the human experience (1:17:07) - The role of religion in society (1:22:54) - The future of psychedelics research (1:26:05) - Fasting and meditation as religious experiences (1:29:44) - Neuralink and BCIs (1:36:42) - Is LSD a crutch or an aid in creative work (1:39:21) - Nietzsche said God is dead (1:41:48) - Creatures people meet while on psychedelics (1:47:18) - Consciousness (1:53:41) - Books or movies that made an impact (1:57:39) - Meaning of life

Matt Walker is a sleep scientist at Berkeley, author of Why We Sleep, and the host of a new podcast called The Matt Walker Podcast. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Stamps.com: https://stamps.com and use code LEX to get free postage & scale - Squarespace: https://lexfridman.com/squarespace and use code LEX to get 10% off - Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil - BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off - Onnit: https://lexfridman.com/onnit to get up to 10% off EPISODE LINKS: Matt's Podcast: https://themattwalkerpodcast.buzzsprout.com/ Matt's Twitter: https://twitter.com/sleepdiplomat Matt's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/drmattwalker Matt's Website: https://www.sleepdiplomat.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (09:56) - Putin moment: Lex takes Matt's sunglasses (10:17) - Fascination with sleep (14:26) - Why do we sleep? (22:58) - Computer vision for driver assistance (32:19) - Consciousness is fundamental (40:25) - Lex on human to robot connection (42:52) - Scent of a Woman is better than "John Wick" (54:33) - Distinction between coffee and caffeine (1:20:17) - The science of 'sleeping on it' (1:34:10) - Lex on his sleeping schedule (1:59:14) - Chronotypes (2:06:44) - How to overcome insomnia (2:24:07) - Diet and sleep (2:33:03) - Where do dreams come from? (2:46:41) - How sleep affects emotions (2:53:35) - Meaning of life

Luis and Joao Batalha are co-founders of Fermat's Library. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Skiff: https://skiff.org/lex to get early access - SimpliSafe: https://simplisafe.com/lex and use code LEX to get a free security camera - Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit - NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour - Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off EPISODE LINKS: Fermat's Library Twitter: https://twitter.com/fermatslibrary Luis's Twitter: https://twitter.com/luismbat Joao's Twitter: https://twitter.com/joao_batalha Fermat's Library Website: https://fermatslibrary.com PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (10:18) - Backstories to research papers (25:09) - Fermat's Library (45:10) - Scientific publishing (1:08:50) - How to read a paper (1:14:44) - Taking good notes (1:23:23) - Favorite papers on Fermat's Library (2:04:14) - Fermat's Library on Twitter (2:13:46) - What it takes to build a successful startup (2:22:43) - Game of Thrones (2:25:30) - Realism in science fiction movies (2:31:29) - Greatest soccer player of all time (2:54:18) - Advice for young people

Jeff Hawkins is a neuroscientist and cofounder of Numenta, a neuroscience research company. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Codecademy: https://codecademy.com and use code LEX to get 15% off - BiOptimizers: http://www.magbreakthrough.com/lex to get 10% off - ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free - Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings - Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium EPISODE LINKS: A Thousand Brain (book): https://amzn.to/3AmxJt7 Numenta's Twitter: https://twitter.com/Numenta Numenta's Website: https://numenta.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (10:35) - Collective intelligence (17:17) - The origin of intelligence in the human brain (30:31) - How intelligent life evolved on Earth (41:30) - Why humans are special in the universe (44:48) - Neurons (49:02) - A Thousand Brains theory of intelligence (57:42) - How to build superintelligent AI (1:15:41) - Sam Harris and existential risk of AI (1:27:43) - Neuralink (1:34:34) - Will AI prevent the self-destruction of human civilization? (1:40:05) - Communicating human knowledge to alien civilizations (1:50:22) - Devil's advocate (1:55:16) - Human nature (2:03:39) - Hardware for AI (2:10:18) - Advice for young people

Chris Duffin is a strength athlete, coach, and engineer, setting multiple strength world records including squatting and deadlifting 1000 lbs for multiple reps. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Headspace: https://headspace.com/lex to get free 1 month trial - Magic Spoon: https://magicspoon.com/lex and use code LEX to get $5 off - Sun Basket: https://sunbasket.com/lex and use code LEX to get $35 off - Ladder: https://ladderlife.com/lex EPISODE LINKS: Chris's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/mad_scientist_duffin The Eagle and the Dragon (book): https://amzn.to/3Ckpfoj Chris's Website: https://christopherduffin.com Kabuki Strength: https://kabukistrength.com PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (07:10) - Performing feats of strength (13:52) - What does it take to lift 1000 lbs for reps? (16:43) - From 500 to 1000lb (17:15) - The mechanics of heavy lifting (28:32) - What did it feel like to do 1000lbs for reps? (30:26) - Achieving peak performance (35:16) - Importance of singular focus (37:48) - Chris's childhood (50:37) - The Eagle and the Dragon: A Story of Strength and Reinvention (58:21) - Lex on business (1:04:52) - The Disciplines of Strength (1:09:33) - Powerlifting (1:22:37) - Role of strength in MMA, BJJ... and baseball (1:32:38) - What is Kabuki Strength? (1:38:55) - Equipment (1:50:09) - The importance of strong feet (1:59:15) - Chris's diet (2:05:37) - Lex on moderation in food (2:06:11) - Steroids and PED's (2:24:14) - Whiskey and deadlifts (2:33:03) - Is it better to work hard or smart? (2:41:52) - Advice for young people (2:45:02) - Fear of death

Ishan Misra is a research scientist at FAIR working on self-supervised visual learning. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Onnit: https://lexfridman.com/onnit to get up to 10% off - The Information: https://theinformation.com/lex to get 75% off first month - Grammarly: https://grammarly.com/lex to get 20% off premium - Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil EPISODE LINKS: Ishan's twitter: https://twitter.com/imisra_ Ishan's website: https://imisra.github.io Ishan's FAIR page: https://ai.facebook.com/people/ishan-misra/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (07:49) - Self-supervised learning (16:24) - Self-supervised learning is the dark matter of intelligence (20:17) - Categorization (28:50) - Is computer vision still really hard? (32:35) - Understanding Language (42:14) - Harder to solve: vision or language (48:59) - Contrastive learning & energy-based models (52:59) - Data augmentation (57:19) - Fixed audio spike by lowering sound with pen tool (1:05:33) - Real data vs. augmented data (1:09:16) - Non-contrastive learning energy based self supervised learning methods (1:12:54) - Unsupervised learning (SwAV) (1:15:37) - Self-supervised Pretraining (SEER) (1:20:44) - Self-supervised learning (SSL) architectures (1:26:43) - VISSL pytorch-based SSL library (1:29:38) - Multi-modal (1:37:06) - Active learning (1:42:45) - Autonomous driving (1:54:12) - Limits of deep learning (1:58:19) - Difference between learning and reasoning (2:03:26) - Building super-human AI (2:11:14) - Most beautiful idea in self-supervised learning (2:15:02) - Simulation for training AI (2:18:27) - Video games replacing reality (2:19:40) - How to write a good research paper (2:24:08) - Best programming language for beginners (2:25:01) - PyTorch vs TensorFlow (2:28:26) - Advice for getting into machine learning (2:30:31) - Advice for young people (2:32:58) - Meaning of life

Zach Bitter is an ultramarathon runner and coach. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Ladder: https://ladderlife.com/lex - Belcampo: https://belcampo.com/lex and use code LEX to get 20% off first order - Noom: https://trynoom.com/lex - BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off EPISODE LINKS: Zach's Twitter: https://twitter.com/zbitter Zach's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zachbitter Zach's Website: https://zachbitter.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (07:34) - The marathon mentality (14:43) - The psychology of quitting (25:49) - Variety in ultramarathons (33:04) - What does it take to run 100 miles? (38:27) - Leading ultramarathon events (42:09) - Training and race strategy (44:39) - 100 Mile world record (48:41) - Foot strike variability and cadence (51:29) - The 11 hour barrier (54:57) - The most beautiful thing about running (1:01:19) - Zach's training regime (1:06:06) - MAF 180 Formula (1:16:31) - Training plans (1:31:30) - Marathons vs. 100 miles (1:40:31) - Zach's diet philosophy (1:55:19) - Fueling for race day (2:02:34) - Training while fasted (2:06:11) - Embracing the chaos (2:07:41) - 100-Mile treadmill WR (2:11:51) - The legend of Bert Kreischer (2:16:16) - The Transcontinental Run across America (2:33:51) - Who is the greatest endurance athlete of all time? (2:41:04) - Shoe technology in running (2:54:14) - Human limits (2:56:49) - Zach's biggest obstacles (3:00:34) - Advice for young people

Cumrun Vafa is a theoretical physicist at Harvard. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Headspace: https://headspace.com/lex to get free 1 month trial - The Jordan Harbinger Show: https://www.youtube.com/thejordanharbingershow - Squarespace: https://lexfridman.com/squarespace and use code LEX to get 10% off - Allform: https://allform.com/lex to get 20% off EPISODE LINKS: Cumrun's Twitter: https://twitter.com/cumrunv Cumrun's Website: https://www.cumrunvafa.org Puzzles to Unravel the Universe (book): https://amzn.to/3BFk5ms PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (07:08) - Difference between math and physics (09:51) - Evolution of quantum mechanics (13:09) - Can mathematics lead humanity off track (14:07) - Beauty in mathematics (19:27) - Philosophers using symmetry (25:20) - How can ancient geometry be used to understand reality (28:32) - Key ideas in the history of physics (31:26) - Einstein's special relativity (35:03) - Physicists building intuition (43:01) - Best work by Einstein (44:45) - Quantum mechanics (54:47) - Quantum gravity (57:02) - String theory (1:13:11) - 10th Dimension (1:19:48) - Skepticism regarding string theory (1:30:53) - Key figures in string theory (1:35:13) - String Theory's Nobel Prize (1:38:18) - Edward Witten (1:46:56) - String Theory Landscape & Swamplands (1:55:46) - Theories of everything (2:10:12) - Advice for young people (2:13:14) - Death

Anya Fernald is the co-founder of Belcampo farms, chef, and regenerative agriculture expert. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Gala Games: https://gala.games/lex - Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil - Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off - Fundrise: https://fundrise.com/lex EPISODE LINKS: Anya's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/anyafernald Belcampo's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/belcampomeatco Belcampo's Website: https://belcampo.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (09:04) - Cooking is an art and a service (10:43) - Food is health (12:45) - Anticipation makes food taste better (14:36) - Lex on breaking the 72 hour fast (18:47) - Falling in love with cooking (20:28) - Alienation during the diet (23:09) - Cooking advice for minimalists (29:14) - Complexity of coconut oil (32:35) - Anya's favorite meal (39:17) - Sources of heat (41:46) - Why do people freak out about barbecue (44:58) - Does the origin of the meat itself make a difference? (47:06) - What is regenerative farming? (51:16) - AI will be a better farmer than humans (55:17) - Carbon negative farming is possible right now (57:04) - Certified Humane (1:00:34) - Evolutionary diet of animals (1:03:17) - Neuralink can help us understand animals (1:07:13) - All grass-fed meat made the same? (1:11:57) - Health benefits of grass-fed beef (1:16:29) - What does it take to be a woman CEO of a meat company? (1:23:57) - Making cheese for Italian mafia (1:27:56) - How to judge a good meal? (1:29:58) - The best meal in the world (1:37:48) - Anya played oboe in the Sicily municipal band (1:39:23) - Hunting has inspired regenerative farming (1:44:07) - Meaning of life (1:45:27) - Advice for young people: grow through discomfort

Rick Doblin is a psychedelics researcher and the founder and executive director of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS). Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Theragun: https://therabody.com/lex to get 30 day trial - ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free - Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium - Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings EPISODE LINKS: Rick's Twitter: https://twitter.com/RickDoblin MAPS: https://maps.org PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (07:54) - Introduction to psychedelics (11:09) - Psychedelics reveals the inner depths of humans (23:43) - Differences between psychedelics (31:08) - The future of psychedelics (39:52) - Epigenetics (45:49) - DMT (53:16) - Ego dissolution (56:33) - One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest (59:32) - Psychedelics and Creativity (1:03:25) - MKUltra and the Grateful Dead (1:08:04) - Ted Kaczynski (1:13:46) - Timothy Leary (1:21:10) - Good Friday Experiment (1:25:46) - Forming of MAPS (1:37:01) - Gaining access to psychedelics (1:45:30) - MDMA Medical Trials (2:17:00) - Clinical Trials for other substances (2:21:43) - Future of society with psychedelics (2:26:13) - Big Pharma (2:32:32) - Advice for the younger generations (2:38:17) - Meaning of life

Konstantin Batygin is a planetary astrophysicist at Caltech. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Squarespace: https://lexfridman.com/squarespace and use code LEX to get 10% off - Literati: https://literati.com/lex - Onnit: https://lexfridman.com/onnit to get up to 10% off - National Instruments (NI): https://www.ni.com/perspectives EPISODE LINKS: Konstantin's Twitter https://twitter.com/kbatygin Konstantin's Website https://www.konstantinbatygin.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (07:17) - Overview of our Solar System (22:14) - What is the Oort Cloud? (27:10) - Life in the interstellar medium (28:42) - Are there aliens out there? (31:22) - How unique is Earth? (34:02) - Did Jupiter destroy early planets? (40:16) - How hard is it to simulate the Universe? (44:49) - Quantum mechanics in evolution of objects in the Solar system (49:15) - Simulating the first formations around the Sun (55:02) - Will it be possible to simulate the full history of the Solar System? (57:23) - How far should we go with the simulation? (59:43) - Increasing immersion in video games (1:06:09) - What is Planet Nine? (1:12:37) - The origin of life (1:15:02) - Evidence of Planet Nine (1:17:32) - Discovery of Neptune (1:18:42) - When will we find Planet Nine? (1:21:21) - Planet Nine throws rocks into the Kuiper Belt (1:25:15) - Could Planet Nine be a primordial black hole? (1:35:20) - Commercial space revolution boosts science and the human condition (1:42:46) - Solving sex in space (1:43:24) - Would humans evolve if we couldn't see the stars? (1:49:08) - Military funding and science (1:53:11) - Is Oumuamua space junk from a distant alien civilization? (2:06:33) - Wild ideas create the future (2:14:22) - The perfect place to die (2:16:03) - Greatest song of all time (2:22:34) - Music enables science for Konstantin (2:24:51) - Music practice tips for busy people (2:28:41) - Memories of 1990s Russia (2:35:14) - Advice for young people (2:41:10) - Meaning of life

Michael Malice is a political thinker, podcaster, and author. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Gala Games: https://gala.games/lex - Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit - BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off - MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex to get 15% off EPISODE LINKS: Michael's Twitter: https://twitter.com/michaelmalice Michael's Community: https://malice.locals.com/ Michael's YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5tj5QCpJKIl-KIa4Gib5Xw Michael's Website: http://michaelmalice.com/about/ Your Welcome podcast: https://bit.ly/30q8oz1 The Anarchist Handbook (book): https://amzn.to/3yUb2f0 The New Right (book): https://amzn.to/34gxLo3 Dear Reader (book): https://amzn.to/2HPPlHS Podcast (Round 1): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BIk1zUy8ehU PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (08:00) - Animal Farm (11:02) - Emma Goldman (14:07) - Albert Camus (15:37) - How to be a hero in Nazi Germany (22:43) - Camus on Existentialism vs Nihilism (28:44) - Cynicism is a lie (33:52) - Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union (54:10) - Lex and Michael argue: can most people think on their own? (1:05:48) - How Lex and Michael use Twitter (1:15:11) - Life is beautiful (1:18:13) - Returning to Ukraine (1:20:07) - Michael is now an underwear model (1:24:13) - The Anarchist Handbook (1:25:59) - Tolstoy was an anarchist (1:38:41) - Anarchy debate between Lex and Michael (2:07:49) - Why Michael doesn't vote (2:25:04) - Austin and New York (2:33:40) - Alex Jones

Roger Reaves is one of the most prolific drug smugglers in history. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Noom: https://trynoom.com/lex - Allform: https://allform.com/lex to get 20% off - ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free - Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off - Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings EPISODE LINKS: Smuggler (book): https://amzn.to/3xydszD PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (09:56) - Money (12:17) - Pablo Escobar (19:30) - Jorge Ochoa (27:05) - First time (31:51) - Landing an airplane on the highway (34:41) - Barry Seal (45:05) - Mena, Arkansas (49:58) - Assassination of Barry Seal (1:03:10) - American Made (1:07:22) - Blow (1:09:28) - Story of torture in a Mexican prison (1:14:08) - Getting shot down (1:27:51) - Prison (1:41:34) - Reflections on a life of crime (1:46:51) - Advice for young people (1:49:49) - Love (2:03:09) - Death (2:05:55) - Meaning of life (2:09:58) - Poem

Sara Walker is an astrobiologist and theoretical physicist interested in the origin of life. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil - NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour - Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium - Magic Spoon: https://magicspoon.com/lex and use code LEX to get $5 off EPISODE LINKS: Sara's Twitter: https://twitter.com/Sara_Imari Sara's Website: http://emergence.asu.edu/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (07:44) - Origin of life (15:38) - Did aliens seed life on Earth? (20:48) - What is life? (32:27) - Cellular automata (36:56) - The laws of physics may change with time (46:41) - Nobel Prize for the origin of life (52:01) - Is consciousness fundamental to the universe? (1:03:19) - Life is the most deterministic part of physics (1:05:54) - Free will (1:14:11) - How to detect alien life (1:28:48) - How many alien civilization are out there? (1:35:32) - Shadow biosphere (1:41:59) - UFO sightings (1:45:35) - Exponential population growth of AI lifeforms (1:52:42) - The role of death in life (1:56:45) - Advice for young people (2:02:31) - Meaning of life

Jocko Willink is a retired Navy SEAL, co-author of Extreme Ownership, and host of Jocko Podcast. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Linode: https://linode.com/lex to get $100 free credit - Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit - SimpliSafe: https://simplisafe.com/lex and use code LEX to get a free security camera - Ground News: https://ground.news/lex EPISODE LINKS: Jocko's Twitter: https://twitter.com/jockowillink Jocko's Website: https://jocko.com/ Jocko's Podcast: https://jockopodcast.com/ Extreme Ownership (book): https://amzn.to/3qYmcgh Discipline Equals Freedom (book): https://amzn.to/3hFXOMa The Dichotomy of Leadership (book): https://amzn.to/36ehH7C PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (09:01) - The beauty and tragedy of war (14:35) - Soviet Union in World War II (20:54) - What makes a just war? (34:30) - Jordan Peterson (37:42) - Fear of death (41:53) - Autonomous weapons systems (53:28) - What makes a great leader? (56:15) - Elon Musk - a leadership case study (1:10:03) - Steve Jobs - a leadership case study (1:20:16) - Sundar Pichai - a leadership case study (1:27:15) - Young Jamie (1:31:23) - Discipline (1:34:15) - A day in the life of Jocko (1:40:30) - Jiu Jitsu (1:56:18) - Books

Yeonmi Park is a North Korean defector, human rights activist, and author of the book In Order to Live. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Belcampo: https://belcampo.com/lex and use code LEX to get 20% off first order - Gala Games: https://gala.games/lex - BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off - Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings EPISODE LINKS: Yeonmi's Twitter: https://twitter.com/YeonmiParkNK Yeonmi's Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/officialyeonmipark Yeonmi's YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/YeonmiParkOfficial In Order to Live (book): https://amzn.to/3wdtKfL PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (09:20) - Growing up in North Korea (14:45) - Animal Farm (21:00) - Search for meaning (25:48) - Love (28:05) - Language (32:28) - Yeonmi's dad (34:30) - Escaping North Korea (39:47) - The world is ignoring the genocide in North Korea (51:49) - Evil (54:40) - Nuclear war (55:30) - Marxist origins of North Korea (1:00:43) - Famine (1:05:30) - Kim Jong-un is pure evil (1:12:06) - Freedom (1:15:18) - Michael Malice (1:18:57) - Diversity (1:26:18) - Political correctness (1:35:50) - Jordan Peterson (1:40:01) - Michael Malice book on North Korea (1:45:31) - Advice for young people (1:48:33) - Facing assassination (1:58:47) - Siddhartha by Hermann Hesse (2:01:20) - Meaning of life

Clara Sousa-Silva is a quantum astrochemist at Harvard. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Onnit: https://lexfridman.com/onnit to get up to 10% off - Grammarly: https://grammarly.com/lex to get 20% off premium - Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium - Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit EPISODE LINKS: Clara's Twitter: https://twitter.com/drphosphine Clara's Website: https://clarasousasilva.com PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (07:57) - Discovery of phosphine on Venus (20:34) - Phosphine gas (30:47) - Searching for molecular fingerprints (41:44) - What does a quantum astrochemist do? (56:48) - Spectroscopic networks (1:01:13) - Biosignature gases (1:04:06) - UFOs and aliens (1:17:24) - Alien civilizations (1:34:59) - Programming (1:42:15) - Why science is beautiful (1:46:07) - How to be productive (1:56:27) - Books (1:57:59) - Meaning of life