Luis and Joao Batalha are co-founders of Fermat’s Library. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Skiff: https://skiff.org/lex to get early access – SimpliSafe: https://simplisafe.com/lex and use code LEX to get a free security camera – Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit – NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour – Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off EPISODE LINKS: Fermat’s Library Twitter: https://twitter.com/fermatslibrary Luis’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/luismbat Joao’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/joao_batalha Fermat’s Library Website: https://fermatslibrary.com PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (10:18) – Backstories to research papers (25:09) – Fermat’s Library (45:10) – Scientific publishing (1:08:50) – How to read a paper (1:14:44) – Taking good notes (1:23:23) – Favorite papers on Fermat’s Library (2:04:14) – Fermat’s Library on Twitter (2:13:46) – What it takes to build a successful startup (2:22:43) – Game of Thrones (2:25:30) – Realism in science fiction movies (2:31:29) – Greatest soccer player of all time (2:54:18) – Advice for young people

Jeff Hawkins is a neuroscientist and cofounder of Numenta, a neuroscience research company. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Codecademy: https://codecademy.com and use code LEX to get 15% off – BiOptimizers: http://www.magbreakthrough.com/lex to get 10% off – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings – Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium EPISODE LINKS: A Thousand Brain (book): https://amzn.to/3AmxJt7 Numenta’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/Numenta Numenta’s Website: https://numenta.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (10:35) – Collective intelligence (17:17) – The origin of intelligence in the human brain (30:31) – How intelligent life evolved on Earth (41:30) – Why humans are special in the universe (44:48) – Neurons (49:02) – A Thousand Brains theory of intelligence (57:42) – How to build superintelligent AI (1:15:41) – Sam Harris and existential risk of AI (1:27:43) – Neuralink (1:34:34) – Will AI prevent the self-destruction of human civilization? (1:40:05) – Communicating human knowledge to alien civilizations (1:50:22) – Devil’s advocate (1:55:16) – Human nature (2:03:39) – Hardware for AI (2:10:18) – Advice for young people

Chris Duffin is a strength athlete, coach, and engineer, setting multiple strength world records including squatting and deadlifting 1000 lbs for multiple reps. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Headspace: https://headspace.com/lex to get free 1 month trial – Magic Spoon: https://magicspoon.com/lex and use code LEX to get $5 off – Sun Basket: https://sunbasket.com/lex and use code LEX to get $35 off – Ladder: https://ladderlife.com/lex EPISODE LINKS: Chris’s Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/mad_scientist_duffin The Eagle and the Dragon (book): https://amzn.to/3Ckpfoj Chris’s Website: https://christopherduffin.com Kabuki Strength: https://kabukistrength.com PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:10) – Performing feats of strength (13:52) – What does it take to lift 1000 lbs for reps? (16:43) – From 500 to 1000lb (17:15) – The mechanics of heavy lifting (28:32) – What did it feel like to do 1000lbs for reps? (30:26) – Achieving peak performance (35:16) – Importance of singular focus (37:48) – Chris’s childhood (50:37) – The Eagle and the Dragon: A Story of Strength and Reinvention (58:21) – Lex on business (1:04:52) – The Disciplines of Strength (1:09:33) – Powerlifting (1:22:37) – Role of strength in MMA, BJJ… and baseball (1:32:38) – What is Kabuki Strength? (1:38:55) – Equipment (1:50:09) – The importance of strong feet (1:59:15) – Chris’s diet (2:05:37) – Lex on moderation in food (2:06:11) – Steroids and PED’s (2:24:14) – Whiskey and deadlifts (2:33:03) – Is it better to work hard or smart? (2:41:52) – Advice for young people (2:45:02) – Fear of death

Ishan Misra is a research scientist at FAIR working on self-supervised visual learning. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Onnit: https://lexfridman.com/onnit to get up to 10% off – The Information: https://theinformation.com/lex to get 75% off first month – Grammarly: https://grammarly.com/lex to get 20% off premium – Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil EPISODE LINKS: Ishan’s twitter: https://twitter.com/imisra_ Ishan’s website: https://imisra.github.io Ishan’s FAIR page: https://ai.facebook.com/people/ishan-misra/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:49) – Self-supervised learning (16:24) – Self-supervised learning is the dark matter of intelligence (20:17) – Categorization (28:50) – Is computer vision still really hard? (32:35) – Understanding Language (42:14) – Harder to solve: vision or language (48:59) – Contrastive learning & energy-based models (52:59) – Data augmentation (57:19) – Fixed audio spike by lowering sound with pen tool (1:05:33) – Real data vs. augmented data (1:09:16) – Non-contrastive learning energy based self supervised learning methods (1:12:54) – Unsupervised learning (SwAV) (1:15:37) – Self-supervised Pretraining (SEER) (1:20:44) – Self-supervised learning (SSL) architectures (1:26:43) – VISSL pytorch-based SSL library (1:29:38) – Multi-modal (1:37:06) – Active learning (1:42:45) – Autonomous driving (1:54:12) – Limits of deep learning (1:58:19) – Difference between learning and reasoning (2:03:26) – Building super-human AI (2:11:14) – Most beautiful idea in self-supervised learning (2:15:02) – Simulation for training AI (2:18:27) – Video games replacing reality (2:19:40) – How to write a good research paper (2:24:08) – Best programming language for beginners (2:25:01) – PyTorch vs TensorFlow (2:28:26) – Advice for getting into machine learning (2:30:31) – Advice for young people (2:32:58) – Meaning of life

Zach Bitter is an ultramarathon runner and coach. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Ladder: https://ladderlife.com/lex – Belcampo: https://belcampo.com/lex and use code LEX to get 20% off first order – Noom: https://trynoom.com/lex – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off EPISODE LINKS: Zach’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/zbitter Zach’s Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zachbitter Zach’s Website: https://zachbitter.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:34) – The marathon mentality (14:43) – The psychology of quitting (25:49) – Variety in ultramarathons (33:04) – What does it take to run 100 miles? (38:27) – Leading ultramarathon events (42:09) – Training and race strategy (44:39) – 100 Mile world record (48:41) – Foot strike variability and cadence (51:29) – The 11 hour barrier (54:57) – The most beautiful thing about running (1:01:19) – Zach’s training regime (1:06:06) – MAF 180 Formula (1:16:31) – Training plans (1:31:30) – Marathons vs. 100 miles (1:40:31) – Zach’s diet philosophy (1:55:19) – Fueling for race day (2:02:34) – Training while fasted (2:06:11) – Embracing the chaos (2:07:41) – 100-Mile treadmill WR (2:11:51) – The legend of Bert Kreischer (2:16:16) – The Transcontinental Run across America (2:33:51) – Who is the greatest endurance athlete of all time? (2:41:04) – Shoe technology in running (2:54:14) – Human limits (2:56:49) – Zach’s biggest obstacles (3:00:34) – Advice for young people

Cumrun Vafa is a theoretical physicist at Harvard. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Headspace: https://headspace.com/lex to get free 1 month trial – The Jordan Harbinger Show: https://www.youtube.com/thejordanharbingershow – Squarespace: https://lexfridman.com/squarespace and use code LEX to get 10% off – Allform: https://allform.com/lex to get 20% off EPISODE LINKS: Cumrun’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/cumrunv Cumrun’s Website: https://www.cumrunvafa.org Puzzles to Unravel the Universe (book): https://amzn.to/3BFk5ms PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:08) – Difference between math and physics (09:51) – Evolution of quantum mechanics (13:09) – Can mathematics lead humanity off track (14:07) – Beauty in mathematics (19:27) – Philosophers using symmetry (25:20) – How can ancient geometry be used to understand reality (28:32) – Key ideas in the history of physics (31:26) – Einstein’s special relativity (35:03) – Physicists building intuition (43:01) – Best work by Einstein (44:45) – Quantum mechanics (54:47) – Quantum gravity (57:02) – String theory (1:13:11) – 10th Dimension (1:19:48) – Skepticism regarding string theory (1:30:53) – Key figures in string theory (1:35:13) – String Theory’s Nobel Prize (1:38:18) – Edward Witten (1:46:56) – String Theory Landscape & Swamplands (1:55:46) – Theories of everything (2:10:12) – Advice for young people (2:13:14) – Death

Anya Fernald is the co-founder of Belcampo farms, chef, and regenerative agriculture expert. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Gala Games: https://gala.games/lex – Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil – Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off – Fundrise: https://fundrise.com/lex EPISODE LINKS: Anya’s Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/anyafernald Belcampo’s Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/belcampomeatco Belcampo’s Website: https://belcampo.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (09:04) – Cooking is an art and a service (10:43) – Food is health (12:45) – Anticipation makes food taste better (14:36) – Lex on breaking the 72 hour fast (18:47) – Falling in love with cooking (20:28) – Alienation during the diet (23:09) – Cooking advice for minimalists (29:14) – Complexity of coconut oil (32:35) – Anya’s favorite meal (39:17) – Sources of heat (41:46) – Why do people freak out about barbecue (44:58) – Does the origin of the meat itself make a difference? (47:06) – What is regenerative farming? (51:16) – AI will be a better farmer than humans (55:17) – Carbon negative farming is possible right now (57:04) – Certified Humane (1:00:34) – Evolutionary diet of animals (1:03:17) – Neuralink can help us understand animals (1:07:13) – All grass-fed meat made the same? (1:11:57) – Health benefits of grass-fed beef (1:16:29) – What does it take to be a woman CEO of a meat company? (1:23:57) – Making cheese for Italian mafia (1:27:56) – How to judge a good meal? (1:29:58) – The best meal in the world (1:37:48) – Anya played oboe in the Sicily municipal band (1:39:23) – Hunting has inspired regenerative farming (1:44:07) – Meaning of life (1:45:27) – Advice for young people: grow through discomfort

Rick Doblin is a psychedelics researcher and the founder and executive director of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS). Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Theragun: https://therabody.com/lex to get 30 day trial – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free – Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings EPISODE LINKS: Rick’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/RickDoblin MAPS: https://maps.org PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:54) – Introduction to psychedelics (11:09) – Psychedelics reveals the inner depths of humans (23:43) – Differences between psychedelics (31:08) – The future of psychedelics (39:52) – Epigenetics (45:49) – DMT (53:16) – Ego dissolution (56:33) – One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest (59:32) – Psychedelics and Creativity (1:03:25) – MKUltra and the Grateful Dead (1:08:04) – Ted Kaczynski (1:13:46) – Timothy Leary (1:21:10) – Good Friday Experiment (1:25:46) – Forming of MAPS (1:37:01) – Gaining access to psychedelics (1:45:30) – MDMA Medical Trials (2:17:00) – Clinical Trials for other substances (2:21:43) – Future of society with psychedelics (2:26:13) – Big Pharma (2:32:32) – Advice for the younger generations (2:38:17) – Meaning of life

Konstantin Batygin is a planetary astrophysicist at Caltech. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Squarespace: https://lexfridman.com/squarespace and use code LEX to get 10% off – Literati: https://literati.com/lex – Onnit: https://lexfridman.com/onnit to get up to 10% off – National Instruments (NI): https://www.ni.com/perspectives EPISODE LINKS: Konstantin’s Twitter https://twitter.com/kbatygin Konstantin’s Website https://www.konstantinbatygin.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:17) – Overview of our Solar System (22:14) – What is the Oort Cloud? (27:10) – Life in the interstellar medium (28:42) – Are there aliens out there? (31:22) – How unique is Earth? (34:02) – Did Jupiter destroy early planets? (40:16) – How hard is it to simulate the Universe? (44:49) – Quantum mechanics in evolution of objects in the Solar system (49:15) – Simulating the first formations around the Sun (55:02) – Will it be possible to simulate the full history of the Solar System? (57:23) – How far should we go with the simulation? (59:43) – Increasing immersion in video games (1:06:09) – What is Planet Nine? (1:12:37) – The origin of life (1:15:02) – Evidence of Planet Nine (1:17:32) – Discovery of Neptune (1:18:42) – When will we find Planet Nine? (1:21:21) – Planet Nine throws rocks into the Kuiper Belt (1:25:15) – Could Planet Nine be a primordial black hole? (1:35:20) – Commercial space revolution boosts science and the human condition (1:42:46) – Solving sex in space (1:43:24) – Would humans evolve if we couldn’t see the stars? (1:49:08) – Military funding and science (1:53:11) – Is Oumuamua space junk from a distant alien civilization? (2:06:33) – Wild ideas create the future (2:14:22) – The perfect place to die (2:16:03) – Greatest song of all time (2:22:34) – Music enables science for Konstantin (2:24:51) – Music practice tips for busy people (2:28:41) – Memories of 1990s Russia (2:35:14) – Advice for young people (2:41:10) – Meaning of life

Michael Malice is a political thinker, podcaster, and author. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Gala Games: https://gala.games/lex – Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off – MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex to get 15% off EPISODE LINKS: Michael’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/michaelmalice Michael’s Community: https://malice.locals.com/ Michael’s YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5tj5QCpJKIl-KIa4Gib5Xw Michael’s Website: http://michaelmalice.com/about/ Your Welcome podcast: https://bit.ly/30q8oz1 The Anarchist Handbook (book): https://amzn.to/3yUb2f0 The New Right (book): https://amzn.to/34gxLo3 Dear Reader (book): https://amzn.to/2HPPlHS Podcast (Round 1): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BIk1zUy8ehU PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (08:00) – Animal Farm (11:02) – Emma Goldman (14:07) – Albert Camus (15:37) – How to be a hero in Nazi Germany (22:43) – Camus on Existentialism vs Nihilism (28:44) – Cynicism is a lie (33:52) – Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union (54:10) – Lex and Michael argue: can most people think on their own? (1:05:48) – How Lex and Michael use Twitter (1:15:11) – Life is beautiful (1:18:13) – Returning to Ukraine (1:20:07) – Michael is now an underwear model (1:24:13) – The Anarchist Handbook (1:25:59) – Tolstoy was an anarchist (1:38:41) – Anarchy debate between Lex and Michael (2:07:49) – Why Michael doesn’t vote (2:25:04) – Austin and New York (2:33:40) – Alex Jones

Roger Reaves is one of the most prolific drug smugglers in history. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Noom: https://trynoom.com/lex – Allform: https://allform.com/lex to get 20% off – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free – Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings EPISODE LINKS: Smuggler (book): https://amzn.to/3xydszD PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (09:56) – Money (12:17) – Pablo Escobar (19:30) – Jorge Ochoa (27:05) – First time (31:51) – Landing an airplane on the highway (34:41) – Barry Seal (45:05) – Mena, Arkansas (49:58) – Assassination of Barry Seal (1:03:10) – American Made (1:07:22) – Blow (1:09:28) – Story of torture in a Mexican prison (1:14:08) – Getting shot down (1:27:51) – Prison (1:41:34) – Reflections on a life of crime (1:46:51) – Advice for young people (1:49:49) – Love (2:03:09) – Death (2:05:55) – Meaning of life (2:09:58) – Poem

Sara Walker is an astrobiologist and theoretical physicist interested in the origin of life. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil – NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour – Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium – Magic Spoon: https://magicspoon.com/lex and use code LEX to get $5 off EPISODE LINKS: Sara’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/Sara_Imari Sara’s Website: http://emergence.asu.edu/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:44) – Origin of life (15:38) – Did aliens seed life on Earth? (20:48) – What is life? (32:27) – Cellular automata (36:56) – The laws of physics may change with time (46:41) – Nobel Prize for the origin of life (52:01) – Is consciousness fundamental to the universe? (1:03:19) – Life is the most deterministic part of physics (1:05:54) – Free will (1:14:11) – How to detect alien life (1:28:48) – How many alien civilization are out there? (1:35:32) – Shadow biosphere (1:41:59) – UFO sightings (1:45:35) – Exponential population growth of AI lifeforms (1:52:42) – The role of death in life (1:56:45) – Advice for young people (2:02:31) – Meaning of life

Jocko Willink is a retired Navy SEAL, co-author of Extreme Ownership, and host of Jocko Podcast. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Linode: https://linode.com/lex to get $100 free credit – Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit – SimpliSafe: https://simplisafe.com/lex and use code LEX to get a free security camera – Ground News: https://ground.news/lex EPISODE LINKS: Jocko’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/jockowillink Jocko’s Website: https://jocko.com/ Jocko’s Podcast: https://jockopodcast.com/ Extreme Ownership (book): https://amzn.to/3qYmcgh Discipline Equals Freedom (book): https://amzn.to/3hFXOMa The Dichotomy of Leadership (book): https://amzn.to/36ehH7C PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (09:01) – The beauty and tragedy of war (14:35) – Soviet Union in World War II (20:54) – What makes a just war? (34:30) – Jordan Peterson (37:42) – Fear of death (41:53) – Autonomous weapons systems (53:28) – What makes a great leader? (56:15) – Elon Musk – a leadership case study (1:10:03) – Steve Jobs – a leadership case study (1:20:16) – Sundar Pichai – a leadership case study (1:27:15) – Young Jamie (1:31:23) – Discipline (1:34:15) – A day in the life of Jocko (1:40:30) – Jiu Jitsu (1:56:18) – Books

Yeonmi Park is a North Korean defector, human rights activist, and author of the book In Order to Live. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Belcampo: https://belcampo.com/lex and use code LEX to get 20% off first order – Gala Games: https://gala.games/lex – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings EPISODE LINKS: Yeonmi’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/YeonmiParkNK Yeonmi’s Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/officialyeonmipark Yeonmi’s YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/YeonmiParkOfficial In Order to Live (book): https://amzn.to/3wdtKfL PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (09:20) – Growing up in North Korea (14:45) – Animal Farm (21:00) – Search for meaning (25:48) – Love (28:05) – Language (32:28) – Yeonmi’s dad (34:30) – Escaping North Korea (39:47) – The world is ignoring the genocide in North Korea (51:49) – Evil (54:40) – Nuclear war (55:30) – Marxist origins of North Korea (1:00:43) – Famine (1:05:30) – Kim Jong-un is pure evil (1:12:06) – Freedom (1:15:18) – Michael Malice (1:18:57) – Diversity (1:26:18) – Political correctness (1:35:50) – Jordan Peterson (1:40:01) – Michael Malice book on North Korea (1:45:31) – Advice for young people (1:48:33) – Facing assassination (1:58:47) – Siddhartha by Hermann Hesse (2:01:20) – Meaning of life

Clara Sousa-Silva is a quantum astrochemist at Harvard. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Onnit: https://lexfridman.com/onnit to get up to 10% off – Grammarly: https://grammarly.com/lex to get 20% off premium – Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium – Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit EPISODE LINKS: Clara’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/drphosphine Clara’s Website: https://clarasousasilva.com PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:57) – Discovery of phosphine on Venus (20:34) – Phosphine gas (30:47) – Searching for molecular fingerprints (41:44) – What does a quantum astrochemist do? (56:48) – Spectroscopic networks (1:01:13) – Biosignature gases (1:04:06) – UFOs and aliens (1:17:24) – Alien civilizations (1:34:59) – Programming (1:42:15) – Why science is beautiful (1:46:07) – How to be productive (1:56:27) – Books (1:57:59) – Meaning of life

Bret Weinstein is and evolutionary biologist, author, and co-host of the DarkHorse Podcast. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – The Jordan Harbinger Show: https://www.youtube.com/thejordanharbingershow – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free – Magic Spoon: https://magicspoon.com/lex and use code LEX to get $5 off – Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off EPISODE LINKS: Bret’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/BretWeinstein Bret’s YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/BretWeinsteinDarkHorse Bret’s Website: https://bretweinstein.net/ Bret’s Book: https://amzn.to/3dhVWrv PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (09:04) – Why biology is beautiful (16:38) – Boston Dynamics (20:02) – Being self-critical (30:09) – Theory of close calls (38:46) – Lab leak hypothesis (1:12:41) – Joe Rogan (1:21:50) – Censorship (1:58:40) – Vaccines (2:12:26) – The paper on mice with long telomeres (2:40:09) – Martyrdom (2:48:54) – Eric Weinstein (2:58:13) – Monogamy (3:10:31) – Advice for young people (3:17:16) – Meaning of life

Rob Reid is an author and podcaster. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil – Belcampo: https://belcampo.com/lex and use code LEX to get 20% off first order – Fundrise: https://fundrise.com/lex – NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour EPISODE LINKS: Rob’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/rob_reid After On Podcast: https://after-on.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (08:33) – The most entertaining outcome is the most likely (14:52) – Meme theory (18:12) – Writing process (24:59) – Engineered viruses as a threat to human civilization (32:45) – Gain-of-function research on viruses (44:54) – Did COVID leak from a lab? (52:15) – Virus detection (1:00:04) – Failure of institutions (1:07:48) – Using AI to engineer viruses (1:12:07) – Evil and competence (1:21:26) – Where are the aliens? (1:25:19) – Backing up human consciousness by colonizing space (1:34:48) – Superintelligence and consciousness (1:46:12) – Meditation (1:54:20) – Fasting (2:00:20) – Greatest song of all time (2:05:46) – Early days of music streaming (2:17:39) – Startup advice (2:30:50) – Podcasting (2:46:12) – Advice for young people (2:55:15) – Mortality (3:00:41) – Meaning of life

Charles Hoskinson is the founder of Cardano, co-founder of Ethereum, a mathematician, and a farmer. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Gala Games: https://gala.games/lex – Allform: https://allform.com/lex to get 20% off – Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings EPISODE LINKS: Charles’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/IOHK_Charles Charles’s YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/charleshoskinson Cardano Website: https://cardano.org/ IOHK Website: https://iohk.io/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (09:12) – What programming language is the simulation written in? (14:17) – Favorite philosophers (23:18) – Theory vs engineering in cryptocurrency (34:27) – What programming languages should everyone learn (42:42) – Haskell and beyond (46:26) – Plutus: Cardano’s smart contract platform based on Haskell (50:53) – What is a blockchain? (55:05) – Hybrid smart contracts (1:00:55) – Proof of work vs proof of stake (1:09:42) – Cardano’s proof of stake consensus algorithm (1:20:14) – What is Cardano? (1:28:55) – Cardano vs Ethereum vs Bitcoin (1:38:50) – The problem with Bitcoin (1:48:24) – Bitcoin Conference (1:52:05) – Ergo and Alex Chepurnoy (1:59:15) – Cardano’s Extended UTXO Model (2:06:27) – Chainlink and Oracle Networks (2:13:40) – Cardano and Wolfram Alpha (2:18:35) – The future of video games (2:27:10) – Smart contracts timeline for Cardano (2:34:40) – Decentralized exchanges (2:40:21) – Jack Dorsey and Bitcoin (2:46:33) – Elon Musk and Tesla: Cardano, Ethereum, Bitcoin (2:49:50) – Dogecoin and Elon Musk (3:01:11) – Hydra vs Lightning Network (3:08:45) – Non-Interactive Proofs of Proof-of-Work (NIPoPoWs) (3:12:39) – Cardano failure modes (3:21:00) – Cardano vs Polkadot (3:26:05) – Vitalik Buterin (3:34:16) – Corrupting nature of power (3:44:26) – Satoshi Nakamoto (3:50:37) – Cardano’s vision for decentralized governance (4:03:31) – Cardano in Ethiopia (4:07:33) – El Salvador and Bitcoin (4:13:50) – Cryptocurrency will inject capitalism with long-term incentives (4:23:42) – Day in the life of Charles Hoskinson (4:30:59) – Mushrooms (4:37:07) – Joe Rogan (4:42:00) – Video games (4:54:14) – Advice for young people (4:57:23) – Meaning of life

Daniel Schmachtenberger is a philosopher interested understanding the rise and fall of societies and individuals. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Ground News: https://ground.news/lex – NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour – Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off – Magic Spoon: https://magicspoon.com/lex and use code LEX to get $5 off – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off EPISODE LINKS: Daniel’s Website: https://civilizationemerging.com/ The Consilience Project: https://consilienceproject.org/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (08:05) – Aliens and UFOs (26:50) – Collective intelligence of human civilization (34:46) – Consciousness (46:08) – How much computation does the human brain perform? (49:47) – Humans vs ants (57:04) – Humans are apex predators (1:04:08) – Girard’s Mimetic Theory of Desire (1:24:05) – We can never completely understand reality (1:27:29) – Self-terminating systems (1:37:52) – Catastrophic risk (2:08:04) – Adding more love to the world (2:35:29) – How to build a better world (2:52:41) – Meaning of life (3:00:23) – Death (3:06:04) – The role of government in society (3:23:29) – Exponential growth of technology (4:09:10) – Lessons from my father (4:14:46) – Even suffering is filled with beauty

Jordan Ellenberg is a mathematician and author of Shape and How Not to Be Wrong. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Secret Sauce: https://wondery.com/shows/secret-sauce/ – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free – Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium – Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit EPISODE LINKS: Jordan’s Website: http://www.jordanellenberg.com Jordan’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/JSEllenberg PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (06:44) – Mathematical thinking (10:21) – Geometry (14:58) – Symmetry (25:29) – Math and science in the Soviet Union (33:09) – Topology (47:57) – Do we live in many more than 4 dimensions? (52:28) – How many holes does a straw have (1:01:53) – 3Blue1Brown (1:07:40) – Will AI ever win a Fields Medal? (1:16:05) – Fermat’s last theorem (1:33:23) – Reality cannot be explained simply (1:39:08) – Prime numbers (2:00:37) – John Conway’s Game of Life (2:12:29) – Group theory (2:15:45) – Gauge theory (2:23:47) – Grigori Perelman and the Poincare Conjecture (2:33:59) – How to learn math (2:41:08) – Advice for young people (2:43:13) – Meaning of life