🇨🇳 China Episodes

-Intro- When did the first "tick-tock" of a mechanical watch begin? This sound, spanning five centuries, has witnessed the changes in technology, industry, and even the tides of the times. How did European court culture promote the development of the German watchmaking industry? How did a small German town complete its economic transformation from mining to watchmaking? Under the impact of American trusts, how did European craftsmen use "involution" to maintain a foothold? During the division of Germany, how did the watchmaking industry preserve the spark of technology in the cracks? The ups and downs of the watch industry reflect the eternal dialogue between technological inheritance and the changes of the times. Please listen to the wonderful sharing brought by this guest, Zhou Xiaokang! -Members of this issue- hualun, Resident Host of "Anyway" Zhou Xiaokang, Energy and Chemical Industry Expert -Timeline- 00:55 Zhou Xiaokang's memory of being a "watch factory child" 03:49 Smuggling, Counterfeits, and Shoddy Manufacturing: The chaotic domestic watchmaking industry at the end of the century 07:44 "Nuremberg Egg": The birth of the earliest portable timekeeping tool 12:30 "Pocket watches for men, wristwatches for women": The gender divide in early European watch-wearing 16:00 Courts, Wars, and the Age of Exploration: The triple driving force of the European watchmaking industry 21:51 After the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the German Lao Lange went to Paris to learn 26:17 Technician system and standardization: A 200-year-old European watchmaking town 36:55 "3/4 Plate": The technical cornerstone of German mechanical aesthetics 42:08 "American Shock" and "European Involution": The crossroads of the watchmaking industry at the end of the 19th century 48:51 The East German years of Glashütte: The division and struggle of technological inheritance 54:14 Rescue of watchmaking technology before the reunification of Germany 56:02 Watchmaking industry twin stars: Günter Blümlein and Walter Lange 59:39 The revival of the watchmaking industry after the reunification of Germany 01:02:25 In the digital age, we also need to find "mechanical romance" -The best support for us is our sponsors- This program is sponsored by A. Lange & Söhne. As a model of German precision watchmaking, A. Lange & Söhne was founded in 1845 and has laid the brilliant foundation of Saxon watchmaking through a century of inheritance. The silence after World War II did not hinder the pace of watchmaking. In 1990, Walter Lange, the fourth-generation descendant, embarked on the road to revival. For 180 years, A. Lange & Söhne has continuously climbed the peak of watchmaking craftsmanship, and every movement is made by the factory itself. Follow the WeChat official account "A. Lange & Söhne" or search for "Lange" on Xiaohongshu, or go to the WeChat mini program "Lange Craftsman World" to explore the endless pursuit of German craftsmanship. -Production Team- Sound Design hotair Program Coordination Hefang Program Operation Xiaomili Program Production hualun Sizhao Yo Logo Design Yang Wenji -Music- Danse Macabre - Busy Strings - Kevin MacLeod -This program is produced by JustPod © 2025 Shanghai Hulu Network Technology Co., Ltd.- -Interaction method- Business cooperation: [email protected] Weibo: @忽左忽右leftright @播客一下 @JustPod WeChat official account: 忽左忽右Leftright / JustPod / 播客一下 Xiaohongshu: JustPod atmosphere group / 忽左忽右 Bilibili: 忽左忽右leftright Douyin: 忽左忽右

-Intro- When did the first "tick-tock" of a mechanical watch begin? This sound, spanning five centuries, has witnessed the changes in technology, industry, and even the entire era. How did European court culture promote the development of the German watchmaking industry? How did a small German town complete the economic transformation from mining to watchmaking? Under the impact of American trusts, how did European craftsmen use "involution" to hold their ground? During the division of Germany, how did the watchmaking industry preserve the spark of technology in the cracks? The ups and downs of the clock industry reflect the eternal dialogue between technological inheritance and the changes of the times. Please listen to the wonderful sharing from our guest Zhou Xiaokang! -Members of This Episode- hualun, resident host of "Anyway Anyway" Zhou Xiaokang, energy and chemical industry expert -Timeline- 00:55 Zhou Xiaokang's memories of being a "watch factory child" 03:49 Smuggling, counterfeit goods, and shoddy manufacturing: the chaotic domestic watchmaking industry at the end of the century 07:44 "Nuremberg Egg": the birth of the earliest portable timing tool 12:30 "Pocket watches for men, wristwatches for women": the early gender division of wearing watches in Europe 16:00 Court, war, and the Age of Exploration: the triple driving force of the European watchmaking industry 21:51 After the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the German Lao Lange went to Paris to learn 26:17 Technician system and standardization: a 200-year-old European watchmaking town 36:55 "3/4 plate": the technical cornerstone of German mechanical aesthetics 42:08 "American Shock" and "European Involution": the crossroads of the watchmaking industry at the end of the 19th century 48:51 The East German years of Glashütte: the division and struggle of technological inheritance 54:14 Rescue of watchmaking technology before the reunification of Germany 56:02 Watchmaking industry twins: Günter Blümlein and Walter Lange 59:39 The revival of the watchmaking industry after the reunification of Germany 01:02:25 In the digital age, we also need to find "mechanical romance" -Our sponsors' support is the best support for us- This episode is sponsored by A. Lange & Söhne. As a model of German precision watchmaking, the Lange watch factory was founded in 1845, and its century-old heritage laid the brilliant foundation for Saxon watchmaking. The silence after World War II did not stop the pace of watchmaking. In 1990, the fourth-generation descendant Walter Lange embarked on the road to revival. For 180 years, Lange has continued to climb to new heights in watchmaking craftsmanship, and every movement is made by the factory itself. Follow the WeChat official account "A. Lange & Söhne" or search for "Lange" on Xiaohongshu, or go to the WeChat mini program "Lange Craftsman's World" to explore the endless pursuit of German craftsmanship. -Production Team- Sound Design hotair Program Coordinator He Fang Program Operation Xiaomili Program Production hualun Sizhao Yo Logo Design Yang Wenji -Music- Danse Macabre - Busy Strings - Kevin MacLeod -This program is produced by JustPod © 2025 Shanghai Hulu Network Technology Co., Ltd.- -Interaction- Business cooperation: [email protected] Weibo: @忽左忽右leftright @播客一下 @JustPod WeChat official account: 忽左忽右Leftright / JustPod / 播客一下 Xiaohongshu: JustPod Atmosphere Group / 忽左忽右 Bilibili: 忽左忽右leftright Douyin: 忽左忽右

故事FM 第855期 在今天的讲述者 Andy 的身体里，有一个未完成的世界。 Andy 没有子宫，没有卵巢，也没有阴道。于是对于 Andy 和很多跟她一样情况的人，民间给了 他（她）们许多称呼，有的刺耳，有的定义模糊。可这些称呼，从来都不足以定义 Andy。她依然是一个完整的人，一个在寻找爱与自我的灵魂。 /Staff/ 讲述者 | Andy 主播 | @故事FM 爱哲 制作人 | 陆丹 文案整理 | 陆丹 声音设计 | 王略 运营 | 鸣鸣 用你的声音，讲述你的故事。 故事FM 是一档亲历者自述的声音节目。 在以下渠道均可收听我们的节目： 苹果播客 | 网易云音乐 | 喜马拉雅 蜻蜓FM | 荔枝FM | 懒人听书 小宇宙 | QQ音乐 | 酷狗音乐 | 酷我音乐 Spotify | YouTube Music 商务合作：[email protected] 微信公众号：故事FM (ID: story_fm) 新浪微博：@故事FM_StoryFM 个人微信号：gushi_fm02

In 2025, China's economy is in recession: unemployment, debt, and deflation are hitting one after another, but on the other hand, from DeepSeek, domestic chips to J-10 fighters, China seems to be at the forefront of the world in wave after wave of technology boom. Different from the "self-hi" of previous nationalists, the voice of praise for Chinese technology also comes from the United States, the opponent in the trade war. For example, expert testimony at U.S. congressional hearings believes that China has gained an advantage in biopharmaceuticals. A guest commentary in the New York Times commentary section also cited research data from an Australian think tank to prove that China is already leading in the field of technology. The guest of this podcast is Professor Xu Chenggang, a senior researcher at the Stanford Center for Chinese Economic and Institutional Studies. Professor Xu will lead us to re-examine the Sino-US technology competition. When observing and judging the Sino-US technology competition, what aspects should we focus on? How much of China's technological prosperity is real, and how much is illusory? Why can China control the industrial chain globally? Has China surpassed the United States in some technological fields? Should the United States impose a technology blockade on China? PS: The online ticket for the 2nd Do Not Understand Festival is officially open for registration! We will also give away a free online ticket to donors and paid subscribers of the Do Not Understand podcast, including new donations and subscriptions before September 1st. Thank you for your long-term support so that this program can continue. Click to directly purchase tickets and register for free ticket information: [https://www.zeffy.com/en-US/ticketing/2025-online](https://www.zeffy.com/en-US/ticketing/2025-online) Offline ticket purchase link: [https://zeffy.com/en-US/ticketing/2025-in-person](https://zeffy.com/en-US/ticketing/2025-in-person) **Timeline:** 03:21 Taking clinical trials of new drugs as an example, why China's biopharmaceutical advantages are affirmed 06:03 Why is China's technological strength called "me better" 09:27 The debate over stealing technology: what is most important in the industrial revolution 12:10 How to view China's leading data in paper publications and patent applications 17:20 Taking the Nobel Prize and the theory of relativity as examples, why top innovation cannot be measured by indicators 20:01 Why use commercial indicators to measure new quality productivity 26:59 Comparing today's Sino-US competition with the US-Soviet competition during the Cold War 30:44 Occupying the global supply chain with the power of the whole country 33:02 China's pioneering overseas enterprises lack technological competitiveness, but have strong control over the industrial chain 38:42 Taking Nvidia as an example, should the United States impose an AI chip embargo on China 41:41 Is there a solution to "Great Leap Forward" style repeated construction? 47:20 The special relationship between Chinese private enterprises and local industrial strategies 49:18 Why the Chinese government does not allow companies to go bankrupt 52:09 Will China's industrial policy distort the global market? 54:06 Guest recommendation Guest recommendation: [https://book.douban.com/subject/36350632/](https://book.douban.com/subject/36350632/) Chris Miller, "Chip War" [https://www.books.com.tw/products/0011017145?srsltid=AfmBOopTLOdqhffX5AYuHfIT7Knecm9i541NUMMeIXyri233gs2IWfao](https://www.books.com.tw/products/0011017145?srsltid=AfmBOopTLOdqhffX5AYuHfIT7Knecm9i541NUMMeIXyri233gs2IWfao) Shi Qintai, Chen Tianzhi, Wu Shumin, "From the Edge to the Core, How Taiwan's Semiconductor Became the Heart of the World" [https://www.books.com.tw/products/0011005571?srsltid=AfmBOoouY6LTs14fmlfmHJVm4T1PtkxS-c7j7X_NwO9cW489PFUJAYCA](https://www.books.com.tw/products/0011005571?srsltid=AfmBOoouY6LTs14fmlfmHJVm4T1PtkxS-c7j7X_NwO9cW489PFUJAYCA) "Morris Chang's Autobiography" [https://a.co/d/7sps0pO](https://a.co/d/7sps0pO) Xu Chenggang, "Institutional Gene: The Origin of Chinese Institutions and Totalitarian Institutions" Related links: [https://a.co/d/7OV1Csk](https://a.co/d/7OV1Csk) "Institutional Gene" English version [https://youtu.be/LZa0dmyWteE](https://youtu.be/LZa0dmyWteE) "EP-137 Xu Chenggang: Can DeepSeek and Private Enterprise Symposium Revitalize China's Economy?" Hosted on Acast. See [acast.com/privacy](https://acast.com/privacy) for more information.

- 导语 - 格鲁吉亚是高加索山脉的十字路口，也是斯大林与贝利亚的故乡。从古希腊殖民者与波斯帝国的交锋，到帖木儿的多次入侵；从被沙俄强行吞并，到21世纪频发的政治地震——这个夹缝中的小国始终在欧亚大国博弈间生存。特殊的地缘和地形如何为格鲁吉亚的历史写下注脚？请听本期嘉宾陆大鹏带来的精彩分享。 - 本期话题成员 - 程衍樑（微博@GrenadierGuard2） 陆大鹏，世界史研究者，英德译者，著有《德意志贵族》《巴比伦怪物：魏玛共和国犯罪鉴证实录》等，译有《阿拉伯的劳伦斯》等。 - 时间轴 - 02:39 慈父老家和苏联科幻：格鲁吉亚初印象 06:38 金羊毛与美狄亚：希腊神话中的格鲁吉亚 19:09 在罗马与波斯之间摇摆 23:51 延续千年的巴格拉季奥尼家族 30:43 俯视拜占庭，入侵波斯：「塔玛尔女王」的巅峰统治 37:59 花剌子模、蒙古人与帖木儿的多次入侵 40:27 热那亚人在黑海：贸易、冲突与黑死病传说 44:28 臣服沙俄，引狼入室还是绝地求生？ 56:11 斯大林时代的格鲁吉亚 01:03:59 1956年第比利斯抗议与格鲁吉亚民族主义的升温 01:07:27 「格鲁吉亚人的太阳不从东方升起，而从北方升起」 01:14:36 苏联解体与军阀混战，首任总统流亡车臣 01:19:22 谢瓦尔德纳泽：政坛不倒翁的传奇一生 01:21:40 严打、反腐与解决军阀：萨卡什维利的治理和丑闻 01:29:39 「俄格战争」的背后 01:33:10 「格鲁吉亚梦想党」执政，首富伊万尼什维利上台 01:36:40 萨卡什维利逃亡记 - 支持我们的赞助商是对我们最好的支持 - 《忽左忽右》的卖书业务上线了！这次不仅汇集了节目中深入讨论过的书籍，还有主播个人精选书籍，含少量签名版及稀有原版，完整的书目信息及购买方式，前往微信公众号「忽左忽右leftright」，回复「买书」 即可获取。书目将不定期更新，欢迎常来看看。 - 制作团队 - 声音设计 hotair 节目统筹 禾放 节目运营 小米粒 节目制作 hualun 思钊 Yo logo设计 杨文骥 - 音乐 - Danse Macabre - Busy Strings - Kevin MacLeod - 本节目由JustPod出品 © 2025 上海斛律网络科技有限公司 - - 互动方式 - 商务合作：[email protected] 微博：@忽左忽右leftright @播客一下 @JustPod 微信公众号：忽左忽右Leftright / JustPod / 播客一下 小红书：JustPod气氛组 / 忽左忽右 B站：忽左忽右leftright 抖音：忽左忽右

-Introduction- Georgia, a crossroads of the Caucasus Mountains, is the hometown of Stalin and Beria. From the clashes between ancient Greek colonists and the Persian Empire to Timur's multiple invasions; from being forcibly annexed by Tsarist Russia to the frequent political earthquakes in the 21st century—this small country in the cracks has always survived in the game between Eurasian powers. How does the special geography and topography write footnotes to Georgia's history? Please listen to the wonderful sharing brought by our guest Lu Dapeng in this issue. -Members of this issue- Cheng Yanliang (Weibo @GrenadierGuard2) Lu Dapeng, world history researcher, English-German translator, author of "German Aristocrats" "Babylonian Monsters: Weimar Republic Crime Forensic Records", translator of "Lawrence of Arabia" and so on. -Timeline- 02:39 Father's hometown and Soviet science fiction: First impression of Georgia 06:38 Golden Fleece and Medea: Georgia in Greek mythology 19:09 Swinging between Rome and Persia 23:51 The Bagrationi family that lasted for thousands of years 30:43 Overlooking Byzantium, invading Persia: The peak rule of "Queen Tamar" 37:59 Khwarazm, Mongols and Timur's multiple invasions 40:27 Genoese in the Black Sea: Trade, conflict and the legend of the Black Death 44:28 Submitting to Tsarist Russia, introducing wolves into the house or surviving desperation? 56:11 Georgia in the Stalin era 01:03:59 The Tbilisi protests in 1956 and the rise of Georgian nationalism 01:07:27 "The Georgian sun does not rise from the east, but from the north" 01:14:36 The collapse of the Soviet Union and the warlord melee, the first president exiled to Chechnya 01:19:22 Shevardnadze: The legendary life of an evergreen tree in politics 01:21:40 Crackdown, anti-corruption and solving warlords: Saakashvili's governance and scandals 01:29:39 Behind the "Russo-Georgian War" 01:33:10 "Georgian Dream Party" in power, the richest man Ivanishvili took office 01:36:40 Saakashvili's escape -Supporting our sponsors is the best support for us- "Suddenly Left and Right" book selling business is online! This time, it not only brings together the books that have been discussed in depth in the program, but also the anchor's personally selected books, including a small number of signed editions and rare original editions. For complete book information and purchase methods, go to the WeChat official account "Suddenly Left and Rightleftright", and reply "Buy books" to get it. The book list will be updated from time to time, welcome to come and see. -Production team- Sound design hotair Program coordination Hefang Program operation Xiaomi Li Program production hualun Sizhao Yo Logo design Yang Wenji -Music- Danse Macabre - Busy Strings - Kevin MacLeod -This program is produced by JustPod © 2025 Shanghai Hulu Network Technology Co., Ltd.- -Interaction method- Business cooperation: [email protected] Weibo: @忽左忽右leftright @播客一下 @JustPod WeChat official account: 忽左忽右Leftright / JustPod / 播客一下 Xiaohongshu: JustPod atmosphere group / 忽左忽右 Bilibili: 忽左忽右leftright Douyin: 忽左忽右

-This episode's lineup-Phil Chang (Xiaohongshu ID: @Phil Chang)-Production·Production-Phil Chang-Listeners group-If the QR code expires, please check whether the QR code at the bottom of the latest episode's main text is the latest, or private message Phil Chang's Xiaohongshu or Douyin (ID: Phil Chang) to add the listener group*This program welcomes more interesting and high-quality content. Friends with relevant experience and interests can join the listener group to contact Phil Chang. "Zhengwen Santai" looks forward to your sharing!

-Introduction- 2025 is a political "big year" for Southeast Asia and the centennial of Mahathir's birth. As a famous Malay nationalist and the creator of Malaysia's modern political and economic system, his life connects the past century of Malaysian history. After the British withdrawal, how do diverse ethnic groups influence Malaysian politics? From a coffee stall vendor to a political strongman, what are Mahathir's political ideals? How did the 1997 Asian financial crisis affect Malaysian politics? Can Mahathir, who returned to power at the age of 92 and then quickly stepped down, make a comeback? Please listen to the wonderful sharing brought by guest Xu Zhenhua in this issue! - Topic Members This Issue - Cheng Yanliang (Weibo @GrenadierGuard2) Xu Zhenhua, international news reporter, focusing on Southeast Asia. - Timeline - 04:56 "Chopsticks Theory" and Chinese Signboards: Racial issues frequently hyped by Mahathir 09:38 The experience of being surrounded by Chinese while studying in Singapore 10:49 The alliance between "UMNO" and "MCA" in the wave of independence 16:48 The beginning and end of the "May 13 Incident": The anti-Chinese tragedy caused by political divisions 21:22 "Not Malay, but Malaysian": Pluralism of Malaysian ethnic groups 25:00 "Self-Hating" nationalism in Mahathir's books 30:13 The national car dream: Mahathir's American-style modernization vision 33:09 Malays, Islam and the monarch: Malaysia's nationalist triangle 37:41 "Internal Security Act" and Mahathir's realistic political means 40:16 Fighting without breaking: The social position of Chinese businessmen in Malaysia 42:28 The 1997 Asian financial crisis strikes, and the Malaysian political arena splits 45:46 Why did Anwar, who advocated for multi-ethnic groups, fail to gain Chinese support? 49:12 "I'm indispensable": After the Najib scandal, Mahathir came out again at the age of 92 53:59 The 22-month collapse, the "Sheraton Move" caused Mahathir to stumble 59:34 "Eternal rivals": The subtle relationship between Lee Kuan Yew and Mahathir 01:05:53 Mahathir, who was disliked, fought for the ethnic group his entire life - Supporting our sponsors is the best support for us - 《Left and Right》's book selling business is now online! This time, it not only gathers books that have been discussed in depth in the program, but also includes books personally selected by the host, including a small number of signed editions and rare original editions. For complete book information and purchase methods, go to the WeChat official account "Left and Right leftright" and reply "Buy Books" to get it. The book list will be updated from time to time, welcome to come and see it often. - Production Team - Sound Design hotair Program Coordinator He Fang Program Operation Xiaomili Program Production hualun Si Zhao Yo Logo Design Yang Wenji - Music - Danse Macabre - Busy Strings - Kevin MacLeod - This program is produced by JustPod © 2025 Shanghai Hulu Network Technology Co., Ltd. - - Interaction Methods - Business cooperation: [email protected] Weibo: @忽左忽右leftright @播客一下 @JustPod WeChat Official Account: 忽左忽右Leftright / JustPod / 播客一下 Xiaohongshu: JustPod Atmosphere Group / 忽左忽右 Bilibili: 忽左忽右leftright Douyin: 忽左忽右

-简介-2025年是东南亚的政治“大年”，也是马哈蒂尔的百年诞辰。作为著名的马来民族主义者、马来西亚近现代政治经济体制的打造者，他的人生串联起马来西亚过去百年的历史。英国人撤出之后，多元种族如何影响马来西亚政局？从咖啡摊贩到政治强人，马哈蒂尔有着怎样的政治理想？1997年亚洲金融风暴如何影响了马来西亚政坛？92岁重新上台又光速退场的马哈蒂尔，能否卷土重来？请听本期嘉宾许振华带来的精彩分享！-本期话题成员-程衍樑（微博@GrenadierGuard2）许振华，国际新闻记者，关注东南亚。-时间轴-04:56「筷子论」与中文招牌：马哈蒂尔频繁炒作的种族议题09:38 在新加坡读书被华人包围的少年经历10:49 独立浪潮中「巫统」与「马华公会」的联盟16:48「五一三事件」始末：政治分野酿成的排华惨案21:22「不是马来人，而是大马人」：马来西亚族群的多元主义25:00 马哈蒂尔书中的「自我仇恨」民族主义30:13 全民汽车梦：马哈蒂尔的美国式现代化畅想33:09 马来人、伊斯兰教与君主：马来西亚的民族主义三角37:41「内安法」和马哈蒂尔的现实政治手段40:16 斗而不破：华商在马来西亚的社会位置42:28 1997亚洲金融风暴来袭，马来西亚政坛分裂45:46 主张多元族群的安瓦尔，为何没能受到华人支持？49:12「没我真不行」：纳吉弊案后，马哈蒂尔92岁再出山53:59 22个月崩盘，「喜来登事件」让马哈蒂尔马失前蹄59:34「一时瑜亮」：李光耀与马哈蒂尔的微妙关系01:05:53 被嫌弃的马哈蒂尔为族群奋斗的一生-支持我们的赞助商是对我们最好的支持-《忽左忽右》的卖书业务上线了！这次不仅汇集了节目中深入讨论过的书籍，还有主播个人精选书籍，含少量签名版及稀有原版，完整的书目信息及购买方式，前往微信公众号「忽左忽右leftright」，回复「买书」即可获取。书目将不定期更新，欢迎常来看看。-制作团队-声音设计 hotair节目统筹 禾放节目运营 小米粒节目制作 hualun 思钊 Yo logo设计 杨文骥-音乐-Danse Macabre - Busy Strings - Kevin MacLeod-本节目由JustPod出品 © 2025 上海斛律网络科技有限公司--互动方式-商务合作：[email protected]微博：@忽左忽右leftright @播客一下 @JustPod微信公众号：忽左忽右Leftright / JustPod / 播客一下小红书：JustPod气氛组 / 忽左忽右B站：忽左忽右leftright抖音：忽左忽右

The new episode of the "Global Large Model Quarterly Report" is finally here, under everyone's strong urging. This episode has two keywords. **The first keyword is differentiation.** In this quarter, various model companies in Silicon Valley began to differentiate into various fields. Apart from Google Gemini and OpenAI still making general-purpose models, Anthropic differentiated into Coding and Agentic model capabilities; Mira's Thinking Machines differentiated into multi-modality and next-generation interaction. **The second keyword is product.** In the past, the "Large Model Quarterly Report" has focused on the intelligent exploration of models, but Guangmi has begun to discuss products in detail, which is a first. This is the 7th episode of the "Global Large Model Quarterly Report". If you like our series, we hope you will give us more encouragement and support. **Your praise is very important to us.** 2025, looking forward to our common progress with AI! > **03:54 Model Differentiation** General-purpose models with various capabilities - Gemini/OpenAI All in Coding+Agentic capabilities - Anthropic Multi-modal native - Thinking Machines Lab Grok is still exploring its ecological position today Meta's original 0-1 gene is still very weak The most leading companies are very similar to F1 competitions > **21:37 Horizontal Full-Family Bucket, Vertical Integration** C-end is a very obvious head convergence trend, ChatGPT may converge many products at the C-end As an investor or AI entrepreneur, one side is excited that the technology is progressing every month, and the other side is a bit desperate An example of a horizontal full-family bucket is ChatGPT, which already includes Chat+Search+Coding+Agent+WorkSpace An example of vertical integration is Gemini, from TPU chips, to Gemini models, to Agent applications on top, to Google Docs/Chrome browser/Android operating system/YouTube videos, which can do super integration > **33:35 Intelligence and Product are Both Important** In the past 3 years, we have been extremely obsessed with exploring the upper limit of intelligence, but in the past two months, we have begun to pay attention to products ChatGPT has many non-technical barriers, while Coding or model companies only have technical barriers OpenAI is the best balanced company, exploring the upper limit of intelligence while also transforming intelligent dividends into product traffic and brand awareness > **38:52 Making AI Products is Like Mining, the Preservation Window is Key** Mining: The first experience that amazes users is very important, even if the token consumption is very large, as long as you are the first to create Magic moments that amaze users, it is equivalent to you have received at least 500 million US dollars in marketing expenses, such as Perplexity/Cursor/Manus But this window period is particularly interesting, the window is gradually shortening: from 2 years, 1 year, 3 months Can product companies win over products made by model companies? > **44:21 L4 Level Experience** The two best Agents both have L4 experience: ChatGPT's Deep Research + Anthropic's Claude Code, corresponding to information search + software development respectively Today's biggest dividend is still language/code dividend, especially code, not multi-modal/world model/robot Claude Code has been killing it recently, Claude Code is an L4 experience What other areas will have L4 level experience next? > **52:43 Change in View of Google** One guess is that ChatGPT will definitely make an advertising platform in the future, because it recently hired a new commercialization CEO But I think Google is still the best advertising platform in the world. In the end, everyone's product forms will converge to the same goal, and what is integrated together is the full-family bucket logic, and Search will also evolve > **55:53 Other Topics** Is there a bubble in AGI? If there is a bubble in AGI, what will be the trigger to burst the bubble? What is the difference in intelligence level between humans and gorillas? What new topics have been discussed more recently in the Bay Area? **"Jewish finance, Chinese AGI"** [Global Large Model Quarterly Report] Series 2023: Oral Global Large Model This Year: Human Billion-Dollar Scientific Gamble and Uneven Sino-US Landscape 2024 Q1: Chatting with Guangmi about the AGI Large Infrastructure Era: Electricity + Chip = Output Intelligence 2024 Q2: Oral Global Large Model This Half Year: Perplexity's Sudden Popularity and the AI Application Ecosystem That Has Not Yet Exploded 2024 Q3: AGI Paradigm Shift: Predicting Strawberries, OpenAI o1 and Self-Play RL with Guangmi 2024 Q4: Large Model Quarterly Report Year-End Special: Predicting the Way LLM Products Surpass Google with Guangmi 2025 Q1: Large Model Quarterly Report: Chatting with Guangmi about the Biggest Non-Consensus at the Moment, the Main Line and Main Peak of AGI

From Xi Jinping's purges, succession issues, to US-China technology competition, we discuss some of the most noteworthy topics with renowned historian Professor Stephen Kotkin. Professor Kotkin is a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution and a leading scholar on the Soviet Union and Stalin. He is the author of the two-volume "Stalin" biography and is currently writing the third volume. His research on Stalin has reshaped our understanding of the operating logic of Leninist regimes. His research extends beyond the Soviet Union to global authoritarianism and increasingly focuses on contemporary China. In this episode, Professor Kotkin explains why he says Stalin, not Mao Zedong, is the ultimate model of a dictator, why Hitler faced multiple assassination attempts while Stalin did not, how to understand Xi Jinping's current purges from Stalin's purges in the 1930s, what elite dissatisfaction means for Leninist totalitarian regimes, and why Stalin, Mao Zedong, and Xi Jinping are unwilling to appoint successors, among many other questions. This is the first time Unclear Podcast has recorded a program in English. On YouTube, we have carefully prepared Chinese subtitles for our listeners. Click here: [https://youtu.be/WMb7y1JIgUA](https://youtu.be/WMb7y1JIgUA) We believe that Professor Kotkin's research is essential for understanding contemporary China. PS: Registration for the second Unclear Festival online ticket is now officially open! We will also give away a free online ticket to donors and paid subscribers of the Unclear Podcast, including new donations and subscriptions before September 1st. Thank you for your long-term support, which allows this program to continue. Click to purchase tickets or register for free tickets: [https://www.zeffy.com/en-US/ticketing/2025-online](https://www.zeffy.com/en-US/ticketing/2025-online) Offline ticket purchase link: [https://zeffy.com/en-US/ticketing/2025-in-person](https://zeffy.com/en-US/ticketing/2025-in-person) **Timeline:** 02:43 Why is Stalin, not Mao Zedong, the Gold Standard of dictators? 08:00 Does Stalin's rise help to understand Xi Jinping? 12:54 Did Xi Jinping intend to become a dictator from the start? 14:10 The relationship between the Communist Party and private enterprises 18:06 "You can't be half a communist, just like you can't be half pregnant" 22:14 Two things learned at the Central Party School: the rise of the East and the fall of the West, and the collapse of the Soviet Union 24:57 The incompatibility of Leninist regimes with political reform 26:29 Similarities between Xi Jinping's purges and Stalin's purges 30:44 Xi Jinping's dilemma in a huge system: even close aides can be a threat 38:39 Limitations of Xi Jinping's power in daily affairs or policy issues 39:34 Why Hitler faced multiple assassination attempts while Stalin did not 45:14 The biggest weakness of the Xi regime: elite doubts 49:50 The unexpected revealing effect of the Zero-COVID policy on ordinary Chinese people 52:39 Are CIA recruitment ads for CCP officials effective? 54:50 Taking Confucius Institutes as an example, how to respond to the CCP's challenges in soft power 59:50 How to respond to current US immigration and economic policies 1:09:57 Technology showdown: Lessons from the US-Soviet Cold War and a comparison of the technological strength of the Soviet Union and China 1:19:00 Can technological competition solve the legitimacy and fragility of the regime? 1:28:50 The Taiwan issue and Xi Jinping's considerations 1:41:50 Will Xi Jinping appoint a successor? 1:50:01 We must prepare for Xi Jinping to continue in power for 20 or even 25 years 1:52:30 "In an unfree system, you can still live a free life" 2:00:10 Guest recommendations Guest Recommendations: [https://book.douban.com/subject/2254651/](https://book.douban.com/subject/2254651/) Elias Canetti 《Auto-da-Fé》 [https://www.ucpress.edu/books/ideology-and-organization-in-communist-china/paper](https://www.ucpress.edu/books/ideology-and-organization-in-communist-china/paper) Franz Schurmann《Ideology and Organization in Communist China》 [https://www.sup.org/books/history/partys-interests-come-first](https://www.sup.org/books/history/partys-interests-come-first) Tang Zhixue 《The Party's Interests Come First》 (Biography of Xi Zhongxun) Related Links: [https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/299269/stalin-by-stephen-kotkin/](https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/299269/stalin-by-stephen-kotkin/) 《Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878-1928》 [https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/529319/stalin-by-stephen-kotkin/](https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/529319/stalin-by-stephen-kotkin/) 《Stalin: Waiting for Hitler, 1929-1941》 Hosted on Acast. See [https://acast.com/privacy](https://acast.com/privacy) for more information.

-本期阵容- Phil Chang 姜昊求 韩中经济社会研究所 所长 张智华 在韩中国人法学会 名誉会长 -时间轴- 00:40 为什么815是日本战败，阅兵在93? 06:10 李在明的光复80周年讲话暗示未来外交政策 14:14 李在明声称要收回作战指挥权 18:50 李在明要清算亲日派财产？ 24:40 韩越首脑会谈举行 39:40 韩美关税谈判的现位置？ 1:11:33 李在明为何特赦83万人？ 1:16:36 韩国到底是法治还是政治？ 1:36:26 为什么尹锡悦抗拒提审？ 1:46:55 金建熙多起收受奢侈品案件浮出水面 2:02:20 韩国的未来检察院改革的利弊 2:09:44 李在明办两次总统任命仪式？ -出品·制作- Phil Chang -听友群- 二维码过期时请查看最新一期正文三台下方二维码是否为最新，或者私信Phil Chang的小红书或抖音（ID：Phil Chang）添加听友群 *本节目欢迎更多有趣优质内容，有相关经历且有兴趣的朋友可以加听友群联系Phil Chang，《正文三台》期待各位的分享！

-Introduction- Hobbes in the history of thought always seems to have two faces - the extreme deduction of Leviathan points to absolutism, while its liberal foundation is much deeper than people imagine. To understand Hobbes' special duality, we need to return to the smoke of the English Civil War and the tide of the scientific revolution, back to the problem awareness of the great era. How did Hobbes, conquered by science, deconstruct the essence of human nature from a mechanistic perspective? Why is Hobbes' methodology uniquely "modern"? How did the state of nature give birth to Hobbes' version of the social contract? Why can the controversial Leviathan theory be understood as the harbinger of liberalism? Please listen to the wonderful sharing from this guest, Xiao P! -Members of this issue- Cheng Yanliang (Weibo @GrenadierGuard2) Xiao P, legal worker (Douban: Xiao p), host of "Bianjiao Liao" -Timeline- 01:52 Boyle VS Hobbes: The political concept confrontation behind the "Vacuum Controversy" 09:32 Hobbes' life: Half his life as a tutor, started writing a lot at the age of 60 14:24 Parliament, nation, religion, trends of thought: The inextricable English Civil War 17:46 Mid-term break of the political revolution, the scientific revolution is in full swing: Hobbes' theoretical background 25:00 Man is a machine: The "mechanical materialism" proposition of "Leviathan" 27:25 Problem awareness in the 17th century: How to overcome skepticism? 30:17 Hobbes' equality assumption: "The unity of the weak can subvert the strong" 31:42 The thrilling leap of political philosophy: Hobbes' "social contract" 33:24 Thought experiment, history and war of ideas: Three kinds of "state of nature" 39:13 God, beast, man, machine: The four faces of "Leviathan" 48:00 Hobbes: "Man's only natural right is freedom from violent death" 55:35 Restoration era, Hobbes was regarded as the "father of atheism" 57:18 Would Hobbes agree with Machiavelli? 01:01:34 Modernity and forward-looking: Rediscovery of Hobbes after the 20th century -Our sponsors' support is our best support- "Suddenly Left and Suddenly Right" book selling business is online! This time, it not only gathers the books discussed in depth in the program, but also the host's personal selection of books, including a small number of signed editions and rare original editions. For complete book information and purchase methods, go to the WeChat official account "Suddenly Left and Suddenly Right leftright" and reply "Buy Books" to get it. The book list will be updated from time to time, welcome to come and see. -Production team- Sound design hotair Program coordination Hefang Program operation Xiaomi Li Program production hualun Sizhao Yo Logo design Yang Wenji -Music- Danse Macabre - Busy Strings - Kevin MacLeod -This program is produced by JustPod © 2025 Shanghai Hulu Network Technology Co., Ltd.- -Interaction method- Business cooperation: [email protected] Weibo: @忽左忽右leftright @播客一下 @JustPod WeChat official account: 忽左忽右Leftright / JustPod / 播客一下 Xiaohongshu: JustPod atmosphere group / 忽左忽右 Bilibili: 忽左忽右leftright Douyin: 忽左忽右

-Introduction- Hobbes in the history of thought always seems to have two faces—the extreme deduction of Leviathan points to absolutism, while its liberal roots are much deeper than people imagine. To understand Hobbes' special duality, one needs to return to the smoke of the English Civil War and the wave of the scientific revolution, and return to the consciousness of the great era. How did Hobbes, conquered by science, deconstruct the nature of human nature from a mechanistic perspective? Why is Hobbes' methodology uniquely "modern"? How did the state of nature give birth to Hobbes' version of the social contract? Why can the controversial Leviathan theory be understood as the forerunner of liberalism? Please listen to the wonderful sharing brought by our guest, Xiao P! -Members of this issue- Cheng Yanliang (Weibo @GrenadierGuard2) Xiao P, legal worker (Douban: Xiao p), host of "Bianjiao Liao" -Timeline- 01:52 Boyle VS Hobbes: The political confrontation behind the "vacuum debate" 09:32 Hobbes' life: Half his life as a tutor, started writing a lot at the age of 60 14:24 Parliament, nation, religion, ideology: The inextricably linked English Civil War 17:46 Political revolution intermission, scientific revolution is booming: Hobbes' theoretical background 25:00 Man is a machine: The "mechanical materialism" proposition of "Leviathan" 27:25 Problems of the 17th century: How to overcome skepticism? 30:17 Hobbes' equality premise: "The unity of the weak can subvert the strong" 31:42 A thrilling leap in political philosophy: Hobbes' "social contract" 33:24 Thought experiment, history and war of ideas: Three kinds of "state of nature" 39:13 God, beast, man, machine: The four faces of "Leviathan" 48:00 Hobbes: "Man's only natural right is freedom from violent death" 55:35 In the restoration era, Hobbes was regarded as the "father of atheism" 57:18 Would Hobbes agree with Machiavelli? 01:01:34 Modernity and Foresight: The Rediscovery of Hobbes after the 20th Century -Supporting our sponsors is the best support for us- "Suddenly Left Suddenly Right"'s book selling business is online! This time, it not only gathers the books discussed in depth in the program, but also the host's personal selection of books, including a small number of signed editions and rare original editions. For complete book information and purchase methods, go to the WeChat official account "Suddenly Left Suddenly Right leftright" and reply "Buy Books" to get it. The book list will be updated from time to time, welcome to come and see. -Production team- Sound design hotair Program coordination He Fang Program operation Xiao Mili Program production hualun Si Zhao Yo Logo design Yang Wenji -Music- Danse Macabre - Busy Strings - Kevin MacLeod -This program is produced by JustPod © 2025 Shanghai Hülü Network Technology Co., Ltd.- -Interaction method- Business cooperation: [email protected] Weibo: @忽左忽右leftright @播客一下 @JustPod WeChat official account: 忽左忽右Leftright / JustPod / 播客一下 Xiaohongshu: JustPod Atmosphere Group / Suddenly Left Suddenly Right Bilibili: 忽左忽右leftright Douyin: 忽左忽右

In April-July this year, four well-known entrepreneurs, Bi Guangjun, Liu Wenchao, Zeng Yuzhou, and Wang Linpeng, died unnaturally one after another. From January to July this year, at least 19 actual controllers, chairmen, or senior executives of listed companies have been investigated by procuratorial organs with "retention" measures. Among them is Wang Linpeng, chairman of Easyhome (formerly Beijing Easyhome) who just passed away - he was detained three times, and only four days after his last detention was lifted, he suddenly fell to his death. Looking back at the past 5 years, from the Ren Zhiqiang case, the Sun Dawu case, the so-called crackdown on organized crime, to the long-distance fishing targeting entrepreneurs, to today's entrepreneur bankruptcies, debts, detentions, imprisonments, and suicides, the survival environment of private entrepreneurs continues to deteriorate. This episode's guest, Wu Lei, is a well-known Chinese criminal defense lawyer who has defended many entrepreneurs' cases. In 2019, he was retaliated against by the government and had his lawyer's license revoked, but he has been working behind the scenes to protect the rights of private entrepreneurs. In Wu Lei's career experience, what have Chinese private entrepreneurs experienced in recent years? In addition to the crackdown on organized crime and long-distance fishing, what other unknown case-handling models are there? How does he view the experiences of these entrepreneurs? Why does he say entrepreneurs are "naive and childish"? Wu Lei talked about many unreported cases. As a lawyer, in a situation where the rule of law is destroyed and the parties and their families are threatened, why does Wu Lei still insist that judicial defense is important? In an environment where political will outweighs legal will, what else can entrepreneurs do? PS: The 2nd "Don't Understand" Festival is coming! On September 6th, listeners are welcome to come to Washington, D.C. We will spend a day reviewing the road we have traveled, reflecting on the reality we are in, and imagining the possibilities of the future through documentary screenings, crosstalk performances, and live conversations. Click the link to register now: [https://zeffy.com/en-US/ticketing/2025-in-person](https://zeffy.com/en-US/ticketing/2025-in-person) **Timeline**: 00:00 A series of entrepreneur suicides and detentions 02:19 Wu Lei's career experience, "not surprised by all this" 04:23 What is retention? "Both 'Shuanggui' and retention have been abused" 07:10 The environment of the retention center, "comparable to a black jail" 10:54 How to view the "original sin" problem of entrepreneurs 14:35 Timeline of the deteriorating survival environment for private entrepreneurs 16:54 The relationship between the crackdown on organized crime and the crackdown on entrepreneurs 19:17 The Sun Dawu case as a turning point: the exodus of entrepreneurs, or leaning towards the central government 24:35 The "naivety and childishness" of entrepreneurs: the desire to serve the country through industry and ignorance of real risks 29:17 The "fishing" wave of young entrepreneurs: start-ups become fiscal prey. 31:56 Case-handling models Wu Lei has seen in his legal career: forcing entrepreneurs to fabricate bribery facts 37:35 Are entrepreneurs in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou more at ease? 42:10 How to understand the attitude of entrepreneurs' families towards lawyers? 45:16 Under judicial injustice, the market for brave and serious lawyers is growing 47:27 Should wrongful convictions be made public? The game of bribery vs. defense 52:38 Wu Lei's recommendations **Cases and people mentioned in this podcast**: Sun Dawu case: [https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%99%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%88](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%99%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%88) Entrepreneur Ren Zhiqiang: [https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%BB%E5%BF%97%E5%BC%BA](https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%BB%E5%BF%97%E5%BC%BA) Zhang Dewu case of Xiangda Group: [https://china.caixin.com/2023-01-04/101985224.html](https://china.caixin.com/2023-01-04/101985224.html) Real Kung Fu Cai Dabiao case: [https://other.caixin.com/2013-12-13/100617471.html](https://other.caixin.com/2013-12-13/100617471.html) The gang-related case involving Wu Lei's client Lin Feng: [https://www.spp.gov.cn/spp/zhuanlan/201811/t20181101_397244.shtml](https://www.spp.gov.cn/spp/zhuanlan/201811/t20181101_397244.shtml) Lawyer Wang Quanzhang: [https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%85%A8%E7%92%8B](https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%85%A8%E7%92%8B) Hosted on Acast. See [acast.com/privacy](https://acast.com/privacy) for more information.

故事FM 第 854 期 节目开始之前说个通知，我去探访日本各种社会现象的系列视频节目《哲喋日本》的第二集，今天已经在 故事FM 和 摘月亮纪录 的 B 站频道上更新了。这集的名字叫《庭荠依旧》，讲述了一个日本女性在被妈妈的男友性侵后的十五年里，如何与妈妈以及自己和解的故事。上一集《牛郎地狱》是需要充电观看的节目，这一集不需要充电就可以免费观看，期待看到你的评论反馈。 — 后悔，几乎发生在我们每一天的生活中。 或许你会因为错过一班地铁，而后悔没有快走几步；或许你会因为层出不穷的破事儿，而后悔自己当初怎么就瞎了眼，和 ta 结了婚；也或许你会因为一次无措、一次忽视或一个误会，而后悔自己伤害或失去了最珍视的人…… 今天的三位讲述者就为我们带来了这样的关于后悔的故事。 /Staff/ 讲述者 | 小巴 Johnny 媛媛 主播 | @故事FM 爱哲 制作人 | 余金松 文案整理 | 余金松 声音设计 | 土豆 运营 | 鸣鸣 用你的声音，讲述你的故事。 故事FM 是一档亲历者自述的声音节目。在以下渠道均可收听我们的节目： 苹果播客 | 网易云音乐 | 喜马拉雅 蜻蜓FM | 荔枝FM | 懒人听书 小宇宙 | QQ音乐 | 酷狗音乐 | 酷我音乐 Spotify | YouTube Music 商务合作：[email protected] 微信公众号：故事FM (ID: story_fm) 新浪微博：@故事FM_StoryFM 个人微信号：gushi_fm02

-This episode's lineup-Phil Chang (Xiaohongshu ID: @Phil Chang)-Timeline--Some information-December 14, 2017, Moon Jae-in enjoyed Chinese breakfast youtiao, soy milk, and xiaolongbao at "Yonghe Fresh Soy Milk" breakfast shop in Beijing. (Image source: Cheong Wa Dae)-Production·Made by-Phil Chang-Listeners group-If the QR code expires, please check whether the QR code at the bottom of the third station of the latest episode is the latest, or send a private message to Phil Chang's Xiaohongshu or Douyin (ID: Phil Chang) to add to the listener group*This program welcomes more interesting and high-quality content. Friends with relevant experience and interest can join the listener group and contact Phil Chang. "Zhengwen Santai" looks forward to your sharing!

-Introduction- In 2018, the Sino-US trade war began, with hundreds of billions of dollars of goods included in the tax list. A 301 investigation hearing, which was not open to the media, was quietly conducted in Washington. Zheng Cheng, a lawyer who provided relevant legal services to the CCPIT delegation, personally experienced this confrontation and witnessed the various appeals and helplessness of American local companies to obtain tariff exemptions. How many ways did Trump use presidential executive orders after repeatedly declaring a "state of emergency"? How is the real logic of industrial competition and transaction costs in the trade war played out in the confrontation between American companies and the government? Why are Chinese companies seemingly unsuited to the American-style lobbying system? Please listen to the wonderful sharing from this guest, lawyer Zheng Cheng! -Members of this issue- Cheng Yanliang (Weibo @GrenadierGuard2) Zheng Cheng, lawyer, has long served as a legal consultant for international and domestic sports brokerage companies. In 2018, he participated in the Sino-US trade war 232 investigation and 301 investigation hearing, providing relevant legal services to the CCPIT delegation. -Timeline- 04:10 Zheng Cheng's two "frontline charges": the 2008 Olympics and the 2018 trade war 07:07 The beginning and end of the "301 investigation": tariff increases from tens of billions to hundreds of billions 10:16 The normalized "state of emergency": presidential executive orders abused by Trump 20:14 Under-the-table methods: If you want to be exempt from tariffs, go to "K Street" to find a lobbying firm 31:16 Reading poems and complaining: the testimony of American business owners at the hearing 33:42 Import costs are distributed downwards, and consumers and small and medium-sized enterprises are the victims 39:53 The US military opposes the US government: military dependence on dry docks and high-tech containers 50:05 From anger to lying flat, changes in American companies in 7 years 52:21 The minority supporting taxation: the tobacco, steel, and honey industries 57:26 Semiconductors, chemicals, and medical equipment: industries ignored by the hearing 01:01:33 The hearing was halfway through when the venue received a bomb threat 01:05:45 Chinese companies' unsuitability to the American lobbying system 01:09:29 Biden's version of trade protection: generally increasing the compliance obligations of American companies 01:12:30 The mystery of furniture parts taxation and Trump Hotel's Chinese finished furniture -Supporting our sponsors is the best support for us- "Suddenly Left and Right" has launched its book sales business! This time, it not only brings together the books discussed in depth in the program, but also the host's personally selected books, including a small number of signed editions and rare original editions. For complete book information and purchase methods, go to the WeChat official account "Suddenly Left and Right leftright" and reply "Buy Books" to get it. The book list will be updated from time to time, welcome to come and see. -Production team- Sound design hotair Program coordination Hefang Program operation Xiaomi Program production hualun Sizhao Yo Logo design Yang Wenji -Music- Danse Macabre - Busy Strings - Kevin MacLeod - This program is produced by JustPod © 2025 Shanghai Hulu Network Technology Co., Ltd. - -Interaction method- Business cooperation: [email protected] Weibo: @忽左忽右leftright @播客一下 @JustPod WeChat official account: 忽左忽右Leftright / JustPod / 播客一下 Xiaohongshu: JustPod Atmosphere Group / 忽左忽右 B station: 忽左忽右leftright Douyin: 忽左忽右

-Introduction- In 2018, the China-US trade war began, with hundreds of billions of dollars of goods included in the tax list. A 301 investigation hearing, which was not open to the media, was quietly launched in Washington. Zheng Cheng, a lawyer who provided relevant legal services to the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade delegation, personally experienced this confrontation and witnessed the various appeals and helplessness of local American companies in their efforts to obtain tariff exemptions. What methods did Trump use to use presidential executive orders by repeatedly declaring a "state of emergency"? How is the real logic of industrial competition and transaction costs in the trade war staged in the confrontation between American companies and the government? Faced with the American-style lobbying system, why do Chinese companies seem unsuited? Please listen to the wonderful sharing of this issue's guest, lawyer Zheng Cheng! -Members of this issue- Cheng Yanliang (Weibo @GrenadierGuard2) Zheng Cheng, lawyer, has long served as legal counsel for international and domestic sports brokerage companies. In 2018, he participated in the 232 investigation and 301 investigation hearings of the China-US trade war and provided relevant legal services to the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade delegation. -Timeline- 04:10 Zheng Cheng's two "frontline charges": the 2008 Olympics and the 2018 trade war 07:07 The beginning and end of the "301 investigation": tariff increases from tens of billions to hundreds of billions 10:16 The normalized "state of emergency": presidential executive orders abused by Trump 20:14 Under-the-table methods: If you want to be exempt from tariffs, go to "K Street" to find a lobbying firm 31:16 Reading poems and complaining: the testimony of American business owners at the hearing 33:42 Import costs are distributed downwards, and consumers and small and medium-sized enterprises suffer 39:53 The US military opposes the US government: military reliance on dry docks and high-tech containers 50:05 From resentment to resignation, the changes in American companies in 7 years 52:21 The minority who support taxation: the tobacco, steel, and honey industries 57:26 Semiconductors, chemicals, and medical equipment: industries ignored by the hearing 01:01:33 The hearing was halfway through when the venue received a bomb threat 01:05:45 Chinese companies' unsuitability to the American lobbying system 01:09:29 Biden's version of trade protection: generally increasing the compliance obligations of American companies 01:12:30 The mystery of furniture parts taxation and Trump Hotel's Chinese finished furniture -Supporting our sponsors is the best support for us- "Suddenly Left Suddenly Right's" book sales business is online! This time, it not only brings together the books discussed in depth in the program, but also the host's personally selected books, including a small number of signed editions and rare original editions. For complete book information and purchase methods, go to the WeChat official account "Suddenly Left Suddenly Rightleftright" and reply "buy books" to get it. The book list will be updated from time to time, welcome to come and see it often. -Production team- Sound design hotair Program coordination He Fang Program operation Xiao Mili Program production hualun Si Zhao Yo Logo design Yang Wenji -Music- Danse Macabre - Busy Strings - Kevin MacLeod -This program is produced by JustPod © 2025 Shanghai Huli Network Technology Co., Ltd.- -Interaction methods- Business cooperation: [email protected] Weibo: @忽左忽右leftright @播客一下 @JustPod WeChat official account: 忽左忽右Leftright / JustPod / 播客一下 Xiaohongshu: JustPod atmosphere group / 忽左忽右 Bilibili: 忽左忽右leftright Douyin: 忽左忽右

Changsha, known for experiential consumer brands, has an efficiency-oriented outlier: discount snack chain "Mingming Hen Mang," which has opened over 15,000 stores nationwide in just a few years and is about to be listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. Meanwhile, Changsha's famous slow brand "Heytea" is also using casual snacks as its second growth curve and has achieved good performance. Coincidentally, another well-known experiential brand born in Changsha, "Saturnbird," is also focusing on snacks. Selling snacks, these three companies have chosen different paths? Who can fly higher, who can go further? The essence of this question is: Should Chinese commercial brands create experiences or improve efficiency? The 37th episode of Crazy Capital in 2019 talked about how there were too many companies in China pursuing efficiency and too few companies creating experiences at that time. Six years later, we have a deeper understanding of the trade-offs between efficiency and experience for Chinese brands. Nowadays, the traffic logic of online platforms forces consumer brands to choose to create blockbuster single products. However, even if a single product sells well, consumers may not retain much brand mindshare - a platform's coupon or a live streamer's recommendation can make consumers defect at any time. Only by creating rich offline experiences can users perceive the brand concept. But this process is destined to be slow and difficult. Can the founders endure the temptation of the capital market and adhere to long-termism? European wineries say the wine industry is actually quite easy, except for the first two hundred years which are more difficult. And have we, who have only experienced more than 40 years of reform and opening up, engraved "time is money, efficiency is life" into our bones? Japan Study Trip The fourth Crazy Capital Japan Study Trip will be held in Tokyo, Japan from September 7th to 12th, 2025. Search for the "疯投圈" (Crazy Capital) service account on WeChat and send the keyword "日本" (Japan) to inquire and register. Membership Community Crazy Capital has a membership community where you can meet like-minded friends and discover business partners. Every year, we hold offline events exclusively for members in Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou, and small-scale member dinners and gatherings are also held in other cities from time to time. Through face-to-face communication, you can further deepen your understanding with other members and promote cooperation. Members can also read "Crazy Capital Text Selections," which are manually organized and edited from the content of the Crazy Capital podcast program, suitable for reading habits and convenient for querying and retrieving charts, data, viewpoints, and conclusions mentioned in the program. Search for and follow the "疯投圈" (Crazy Capital) service account on WeChat and send the keyword "会员" (membership) to learn more and join the community. Business Cooperation For business cooperation, please send an email to [email protected]